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It is also an SI derived unit of molar thermodynamic energy defined as the energy equal to one joule in one mole of substance. [1] [2] For example, the Gibbs free energy of a compound in the area of thermochemistry is often quantified in units of kilojoules per mole (symbol: kJ·mol −1 or kJ/mol), with 1 kilojoule = 1000 joules. [3]
kilo-(kJ) 1.1×10 3 J: ≈ 1 British thermal unit (BTU), depending on the temperature [59] 1.4×10 3 J: Total solar radiation received from the Sun by 1 square meter at the altitude of Earth's orbit per second (solar constant) [93] 2.3×10 3 J: Energy to vaporize 1 g of water into steam [94] 3×10 3 J: Lorentz force can crusher pinch [95] 3.4× ...
The Avogadro constant (symbol N A = N 0 /mol) has numerical multiplier given by the Avogadro number with the unit reciprocal mole (mol −1). [2] The ratio n = N/N A is a measure of the amount of substance (with the unit mole). [2] [3] [4]
A human in a sprint has approximately 3 kJ of kinetic energy, [20] while a cheetah in a 122 km/h (76 mph) sprint has approximately 20 kJ. [21] One watt-hour, of electricity or any other form of energy, is 3.6 kJ. megajoule The megajoule is approximately the kinetic energy of a one megagram (tonne) vehicle moving at 161 km/h (100 mph).
The Celsius scale: the Kelvin scale uses the degree Celsius for its unit increment, but is a thermodynamic scale (0 K is absolute zero). Θ mole: mol amount of substance "The mole, symbol mol, is the SI unit of amount of substance. One mole contains exactly 6.022 140 76 × 10 23 elementary entities.
The first molar ionization energy applies to the neutral atoms. The second, third, etc., molar ionization energy applies to the further removal of an electron from a singly, doubly, etc., charged ion. For ionization energies measured in the unit eV, see Ionization energies of the elements (data page). All data from rutherfordium onwards is ...
The SI comprises a coherent system of units of measurement starting with seven base units, which are the second (symbol s, the unit of time), metre (m, length), kilogram (kg, mass), ampere (A, electric current), kelvin (K, thermodynamic temperature), mole (mol, amount of substance), and candela (cd, luminous intensity). The system can ...
Note that the especially high molar values, as for paraffin, gasoline, water and ammonia, result from calculating specific heats in terms of moles of molecules. If specific heat is expressed per mole of atoms for these substances, none of the constant-volume values exceed, to any large extent, the theoretical Dulong–Petit limit of 25 J⋅mol ...