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Binary hydrogen compounds in group 1 are the ionic hydrides (also called saline hydrides) wherein hydrogen is bound electrostatically. Because hydrogen is located somewhat centrally in an electronegative sense, it is necessary for the counterion to be exceptionally electropositive for the hydride to possibly be accurately described as truly behaving ionic.
An often studied dihydrogen complex of iron, [HFe(H 2)(dppe) 2] +.. The usual method for characterization is 1 H NMR spectroscopy.The magnitude of spin–spin coupling, J HD, is a useful indicator of the strength of the bond between the hydrogen and deuterium in HD complexes.
Tris(trimethylsilyl)silane is an example of a hydride with a weak bond to H. It is used as a source of hydrogen atoms. [ 10 ] Metal hydrides (e.g. H 2 RhCl(PPh 3 ) 2 derived from Wilkinson's catalyst ) are intermediates in hydrogenation catalysis.
Examples of an industrially useful hydrides are HCo(CO) 4 and HRh(CO)(PPh 3) 3, which are catalysts for hydroformylation. HFeCl(dppe) 2 is one of the most accessible transition metal hydrides. The first molecular hydrides of the transition metals were first reported in the 1930s by Walter Hieber and coworkers. They described H 2 Fe(CO) 4 and ...
For example, in the solar wind they interact with the Earth's magnetosphere giving rise to Birkeland currents and the aurora. [ citation needed ] A molecular form called protonated molecular hydrogen ( H + 3 ) is found in the interstellar medium, where it is generated by ionization of molecular hydrogen from cosmic rays .
Natural hydrogen (known as white hydrogen, geologic hydrogen, [1] geogenic hydrogen, [2] or gold hydrogen) is molecular hydrogen present on Earth that is formed by natural processes [3] [4] (as opposed to hydrogen produced in a laboratory or in industry).
For example, each molecule of oxygen (O 2) is composed of two oxygen atoms. Therefore, the atomicity of oxygen is 2. [1] In older contexts, atomicity is sometimes equivalent to valency. Some authors also use the term to refer to the maximum number of valencies observed for an element. [2]
By some definitions, "organic" compounds are only required to contain carbon. However, most of them also contain hydrogen, and because it is the carbon-hydrogen bond that gives this class of compounds most of its particular chemical characteristics, carbon-hydrogen bonds are required in some definitions of the word "organic" in chemistry. [12]