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The Zelinsky-Kummant gas mask was the world's first gas mask [1] which had the ability to absorb a wide range of chemical warfare agents. The gas mask was developed in 1915 by Russian chemist Nikolay Zelinsky and technologist of the Triangle plant M.I. Kummant. [2] The design was later improved by I. D. Avalov and entered mass production.
Earlier versions of the gas mask prior to 1915s development of the small box respirator were crude and ineffective as no troops had yet experienced poison warfare. One of the first gas masks seen in the early part of the war was the British hypo helmet, after recent failure and ineffectiveness of the black veil respirator. The helmet was ...
During 1917, an additional mask strap was produced, intended to be worn around the head of the wearer. [4] The first model of the M2 mask was introduced during March 1916 and had a rectangular piece of cellophane glass for viewing, protected by a piece of glass in front of it. In April, the rectangle was replaced by two round pieces of ...
A World War I British P Helmet, c. 1915 Zelinsky–Kummant protivogaz, designed in 1915, was one of the first modern-type full-head protection gas masks with a detachable filter and eyelet glasses, shown here worn by U.S. Army soldier (USAWC photo) Indian muleteers and mule wearing gas masks, France, February 21, 1940 A Polish SzM-41M KF gas mask, used from the 1950s through to the 1980s
Chemical weapons have since washed up on shorelines and been found by fishers, causing injuries and, in some cases, death. Other disposal methods included land burials and incineration. After World War 1, "chemical shells made up 35 percent of French and German ammunition supplies, 25 percent British and 20 percent American". [96]
Plague doctor wearing a plague doctor costume A radiographer wearing an early hazmat suit in 1918 during World War I.. An early primitive form of the hazmat suit arose during bubonic plague epidemics, when European plague doctors of the 16th and 17th centuries wore distinctive costumes consisting of bird-like beak masks and large overcoats while treating victims of the bubonic plague. [1]
[10] 2.5 million masks were manufactured before being superseded. The helmet was a 50.5 cm × 48 cm (19.9 in × 18.9 in) canvas hood treated with chlorine-absorbing chemicals, fitted with a single rectangular mica eyepiece. [11] [a] It was a khaki-coloured flannel bag soaked in a solution of glycerin and sodium thiosulphate. The soldier placed ...
Combat medics attend to Irish casualties following the opening attack of the Battle of Passchendaele, 1917. Battlefield medicine, also called field surgery and later combat casualty care, is the treatment of wounded combatants and non-combatants in or near an area of combat.