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The magic SysRq key is a key combination understood by the Linux kernel, which allows the user to perform various low-level commands regardless of the system's state. It is often used to recover from freezes, or to reboot a computer without corrupting the filesystem. [1]
A kernel panic message from a Linux system An OpenSolaris ... for the system to be manually rebooted, ... is saved in NVRAM and written to a log file on reboot. In 10 ...
When initially booted, a computer system loads its kernel into memory.At this stage device drivers present in the kernel are set up to drive relevant hardware. Such drivers, as well as other elements within the kernel, may produce output ("messages") reporting both the presence of modules and the values of any parameters adopted.
In a Linux system, for example, the watchdog daemon can be configured to attempt to perform a software-initiated reboot, which may be preferable to a hardware reset as it allows file systems to be safely unmounted and fault information to be logged prior to the reboot. It is essential, however, to have the insurance provided by a hardware WDT ...
A runlevel defines the state of the machine after boot. Different runlevels are typically assigned (not necessarily in any particular order) to the single-user mode, multi-user mode without network services started, multi-user mode with network services started, system shutdown, and system reboot system states.
lastlog is a program available on most Linux distributions.It formats and prints the contents of the last login log file, /var/log/lastlog (which is a usually a very sparse file), including the login name, port, and last login date and time.
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More recent Linux distributions are likely to use one of the more modern alternatives such as systemd. Below is a summary of the main init processes: Below is a summary of the main init processes: SysV init ( a.k.a. simply "init") is similar to the Unix and BSD init processes, from which it derived.