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  2. Parts-per notation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parts-per_notation

    Parts-per notation is often used describing dilute solutions in chemistry, for instance, the relative abundance of dissolved minerals or pollutants in water. The quantity "1 ppm" can be used for a mass fraction if a water-borne pollutant is present at one-millionth of a gram per gram of sample solution. When working with aqueous solutions, it ...

  3. Chemical oxygen demand - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_oxygen_demand

    Chemical oxygen demand. In environmental chemistry, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) is an indicative measure of the amount of oxygen that can be consumed by reactions in a measured solution. It is commonly expressed in mass of oxygen consumed over volume of solution, which in SI units is milligrams per liter (mg / L).

  4. Phosgene - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosgene

    Phosgene is a planar molecule as predicted by VSEPR theory. The C=O distance is 1.18 Å, the C−Cl distance is 1.74 Å and the Cl−C−Cl angle is 111.8°. [9] Phosgene is a carbon oxohalide and it can be considered one of the simplest acyl chlorides, being formally derived from carbonic acid.

  5. Median lethal dose - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Median_lethal_dose

    Median lethal dose. In toxicology, the median lethal dose, LD50 (abbreviation for " lethal dose, 50%"), LC50 (lethal concentration, 50%) or LCt50 is a toxic unit that measures the lethal dose of a given substance. [1] The value of LD 50 for a substance is the dose required to kill half the members of a tested population after a specified test ...

  6. Abundance of elements in Earth's crust - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abundance_of_elements_in...

    Abundance (atom fraction) of the chemical elements in Earth's upper continental crust as a function of atomic number; [5] siderophiles shown in yellow. Graphs of abundance against atomic number can reveal patterns relating abundance to stellar nucleosynthesis and geochemistry. The alternation of abundance between even and odd atomic number is ...

  7. Chlorine dioxide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorine_dioxide

    Chlorine dioxide is a chemical compound with the formula ClO 2 that exists as yellowish-green gas above 11 °C, a reddish-brown liquid between 11 °C and −59 °C, and as bright orange crystals below −59 °C. It is usually handled as an aqueous solution. It is commonly used as a bleach.

  8. Dimethylamine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimethylamine

    Dimethylamine is an organic compound with the formula (CH 3) 2 NH. This secondary amine is a colorless, flammable gas with an ammonia -like odor. Dimethylamine is commonly encountered commercially as a solution in water at concentrations up to around 40%. An estimated 270,000 tons were produced in 2005.

  9. Phosphorus trichloride - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphorus_trichloride

    Phosphorus trichloride is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula PCl 3. A colorless liquid when pure, it is an important industrial chemical, being used for the manufacture of phosphites and other organophosphorus compounds. It is toxic and reacts readily with water to release hydrogen chloride.