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This master key is encrypted with each active user key. [6] User keys are derived from passphrases, FIDO2 security keys, TPMs or smart cards. [7] [8] The multi-layer approach allows users to change their passphrase without re-encrypting the whole block device. Key slots can contain information to verify user passphrases or other types of keys.
Multiple keys: Whether an encrypted volume can have more than one active key. Passphrase strengthening: Whether key strengthening is used with plain text passwords to frustrate dictionary attacks, usually using PBKDF2 or Argon2. Hardware acceleration: Whether dedicated cryptographic accelerator expansion cards can be taken advantage of.
Challenge–response password recovery mechanism allows the password to be recovered in a secure manner. It is offered by a limited number of disk encryption solutions. Some benefits of challenge–response password recovery: No need for the user to carry a disc with recovery encryption key. No secret data is exchanged during the recovery process.
In the case of disk encryption applications that can be configured to allow the operating system to boot without a pre-boot PIN being entered or a hardware key being present (e.g. BitLocker in a simple configuration that uses a TPM without a two-factor authentication PIN or USB key), the time frame for the attack is not limiting at all. [2]
BitLocker originated as a part of Microsoft's Next-Generation Secure Computing Base architecture in 2004 as a feature tentatively codenamed "Cornerstone" [4] [5] and was designed to protect information on devices, particularly if a device was lost or stolen.
When a cryptographic disk erasure (or crypto erase) command is given (with proper authentication credentials), the drive self-generates a new media encryption key and goes into a 'new drive' state. [10] Without the old key, the old data becomes irretrievable and therefore an efficient means of providing disk sanitisation which can be a lengthy ...
The magic SysRq key is a key combination understood by the Linux kernel, which allows the user to perform various low-level commands regardless of the system's state. It is often used to recover from freezes , or to reboot a computer without corrupting the filesystem . [ 1 ]
The cryptsetup command-line interface, by default, does not write any headers to the encrypted volume, and hence only provides the bare essentials: encryption settings have to be provided every time the disk is mounted (although usually employed with automated scripts), and only one key can be used per volume; the symmetric encryption key is directly derived from the supplied passphrase.