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Ann Hopkins began working as a project manager at the accounting firm Price Waterhouse (now PricewaterhouseCoopers) in 1978.After several years of success in her job, Hopkins claimed she was denied partnership at the firm for two years in a row based on her lack of conformity to stereotypes about how women should act and what they should look like.
An example of gender stereotypes assumes those of the male gender are more 'tech savvy' and happier working online, however, a study done by Hargittai & Shafer, [217] shows that many women also typically have lower self-perceived abilities when it comes to use of the World Wide Web and online navigation skills. Because this stereotype is so ...
The stereotype fit hypothesis was developed by Heilman [7] in order to evaluate the current role of women in high-power positions in the workplace. [2] Since Heilman's initial research, many studies have been conducted to determine how women are affected by job positions which are considered to be more masculine.
These expectations, in turn, gave rise to gender stereotypes that play a role in the formation of sexism in the work place, i.e., occupational sexism. [ 1 ] According to a reference, there are three common patterns associated with social role theory that might help explain the relationship between the theory and occupational sexism.
Gender stereotypes arise from the socially approved roles of women and men in the private or public sphere, at home or in the workplace. In the household, women are typically seen as mother figures, which usually places them into a typical classification of being "supportive" or "nurturing".
Gender Stereotypes influenced greatly by gender expectations, different expectations on gender influence how people determine their roles, appearance, behaviors, etc. [115] When expectations of gender roles deeply rooted in people's mind, people' values and ideas started to be influenced and leading to situation of stereotypes, which actualize ...
The gender pay gap has been attributed to differences in personal and workplace characteristics between men and women (such as education, hours worked and occupation), innate behavioral and biological differences between men and women and discrimination in the labor market (such as gender stereotypes and customer and employer bias).
These gender biases and role stereotyping occur because many people retain the notion that caring for others is a feminine task, and thus beneath the status of the male. [ 60 ] In a British study, it was reported that the majority of subjects assumed that a nurse referred to a female.