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In chemistry, linkage isomerism or ambidentate isomerism is a form of structural isomerism in which certain coordination compounds have the same composition but differ in which atom of the ligand is bonded to the metal. Typical ligands that give rise to linkage isomers are: cyanide, CN − – isocyanide, NC −; cyanate, OCN − – isocyanate ...
The metal–ligand bond can be further stabilised by a formal donation of electron density back to the ligand in a process known as back-bonding. In this case a filled, central-atom-based orbital donates density into the LUMO of the (coordinated) ligand. Carbon monoxide is the preeminent example a ligand that engages metals via back-donation.
Thiocyanate can bind metals at either sulfur or nitrogen — it is an ambidentate ligand. Other factors, e.g. kinetics and solubility, sometimes influence the observed isomer. For example, [Co(NH 3) 5 (NCS)] 2+ is the thermodynamic isomer, but [Co(NH 3) 5 (SCN)] 2+ forms as the kinetic product of the reaction of thiocyanate salts with [Co(NH 3 ...
The denticity of a ligand is described with the Greek letter κ ('kappa'). [3] For example, κ 6-EDTA describes an EDTA ligand that coordinates through 6 non-contiguous atoms. Denticity is different from hapticity because hapticity refers exclusively to ligands where the coordinating atoms are contiguous. In these cases the η ('eta') notation ...
The cyanate ion is an ambidentate ligand, forming complexes with a metal ion in which either the nitrogen or oxygen atom may be the electron-pair donor. It can also act as a bridging ligand. Compounds that contain the cyanate functional group, −O−C≡N, are known as cyanates or cyanate esters.
In the covalent bond classification method, κ 1-carbonate is anX ligand and κ 2-carbonate is an X 2 ligand. With two metals, the number of bonding modes increases because carbonate often serves as a bridging ligand. It can span metal-metal bonds as in [Ru 2 (CO 3) 4 Cl 2] 5-, where again it functions as an (X) 2 ligand.
Nitrite is an ambidentate ligand and can form a wide variety of coordination complexes by binding to metal ions in several ways. [2] Two examples are the red nitrito complex [Co(NH 3) 5 (ONO)] 2+ is metastable, isomerizing to the yellow nitro complex [Co(NH 3) 5 (NO 2)] 2+. Nitrite is processed by several enzymes, all of which utilize ...
With three terminal oxide groups, nitrate can in principle bind metals through many geometries. Even though the ligand is written as MNO 3, the oxygen atoms are invariably coordinated. Thus, monodentate nitrate is illustrated by [Co(NH 3) 5 NO 3] 2+, which could also be written as [Co(NH 3) 5 ONO 2] 2+. Homoleptic metal nitrate complexes ...