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In coordination chemistry, denticity (from Latin dentis 'tooth') refers to the number of donor groups in a given ligand that bind to the central metal atom in a coordination complex. [1] [2] In many cases, only one atom in the ligand binds to the metal, so the denticity equals one, and the ligand is said to be unidentate or monodentate.
A classic bidentate ligand is ethylenediamine, which is derived by the linking of two ammonia groups with an ethylene (−CH 2 CH 2 −) linker. A classic example of a polydentate ligand is the hexadentate chelating agent EDTA , which is able to bond through six sites, completely surrounding some metals.
In chemistry, linkage isomerism or ambidentate isomerism is a form of structural isomerism in which certain coordination compounds have the same composition but differ in which atom of the ligand is bonded to the metal. Typical ligands that give rise to linkage isomers are: cyanide, CN − – isocyanide, NC −; cyanate, OCN − – isocyanate ...
Being the conjugate base of a strong acid (nitric acid, pK a = -1.4), nitrate has modest Lewis basicity.Two coordination modes are common: unidentate and bidentate.Often, bidentate nitrate, denoted κ 2-NO 3, is bound unsymmetrically in the sense that one M-O distance is clearly bonding and the other is more weakly interacting. [2]
In DNA-ligand binding studies, the ligand can be a small molecule, ion, [1] or protein [2] which binds to the DNA double helix. The relationship between ligand and binding partner is a function of charge, hydrophobicity, and molecular structure. Binding occurs by intermolecular forces, such as ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds and Van der Waals forces.
To a single metal ion, carbonate is observed to bind in both unidentate (κ 1-) and bidentate (κ 2-) fashions. [5] In the covalent bond classification method, κ 1-carbonate is anX ligand and κ 2-carbonate is an X 2 ligand. With two metals, the number of bonding modes increases because carbonate often serves as a bridging ligand.
An example of chelating nitrite is [Cu(bipy) 2 (O 2 N)]NO 3 – "bipy" is the bidentate ligand 2,2′-bipyridyl. This bonding mode is sometimes described as κ 2O,O-NO 2.. The kinetically-favored O-bonded isomer [(NH 3) 5 Co−ONO] 2+ converts to [(NH 3) 5 Co−NO 2] 2+. In its reaction with ferric porphyrin complexes, nitrite gives the O ...
Thiosulfate is a potent ligand for soft metal ions. A typical complex is [Pd(S 2 O 3) 2 (ethylenediamine)] 2−, which features a pair of S-bonded thiosulfate ligands. Simple aquo and ammine complexes are also known. [2] Three binding modes are common: monodentate (κ 1-), O,S-bidentate (κ 2-), and bridging (μ-).