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In the drilling industry, the rate of penetration (ROP), [1] also known as penetration rate or drill rate, is the speed at which a drill bit breaks the rock under it to deepen the borehole. It is normally measured in feet per minute or meters per hour, but sometimes it is expressed in minutes per foot.
Cutting speed may be defined as the rate at the workpiece surface, irrespective of the machining operation used. A cutting speed for mild steel of 100 ft/min is the same whether it is the speed of the cutter passing over the workpiece, such as in a turning operation, or the speed of the cutter moving past a workpiece, such as in a milling operation.
Directional boring machine. Directional boring, also referred to as horizontal directional drilling (HDD), is a minimal impact trenchless method of installing underground utilities such as pipe, conduit, or cables in a relatively shallow arc or radius along a prescribed underground path using a surface-launched drilling rig.
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Drilling is a cutting process where a drill bit is spun to cut a hole of circular cross-section in solid materials. The drill bit is usually a rotary cutting tool, often multi-point. The bit is pressed against the work-piece and rotated at rates from hundreds to thousands of revolutions per minute.
Drill presses are almost always equipped with more powerful motors compared to hand-held drills. This enables larger drill bits to be used and also speeds up drilling with smaller bits. For most drill presses—especially those meant for woodworking or home use—speed change is achieved by manually moving a belt across a stepped pulley ...
Drilling mud must suspend drill cuttings and weight materials under a wide range of conditions. Drill cuttings that settle can cause bridges and fill, which can cause stuck pipe and lost circulation. Heavy material that settles is referred to as sag, which causes a wide variation in the density of well fluid.
Speed of drilling depends on the material being drilled, rotational speed, and the drill diameter; a high speed drill can cut a hole in P20 steel at 75 centimeter (30 inches) per minute. Gun drilling can be done on several kinds of machine tools. On lathes, it is generally practical with hole depths of less than 50 centimeters. There are also ...