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  2. Thermoelectric cooling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermoelectric_cooling

    Thermoelectric cooling uses the Peltier effect to create a heat flux at the junction of two different types of materials. A Peltier cooler, heater, or thermoelectric heat pump is a solid-state active heat pump which transfers heat from one side of the device to the other, with consumption of electrical energy, depending on the direction of the current.

  3. Thermal management (electronics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_management...

    There are several techniques for cooling including various styles of heat sinks, thermoelectric coolers, forced air systems and fans, heat pipes, and others. In cases of extreme low environmental temperatures, it may actually be necessary to heat the electronic components to achieve satisfactory operation.

  4. Thermal copper pillar bump - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_copper_pillar_bump

    A thermal copper pillar bump, also known as a "thermal bump", is a thermoelectric device made from thin-film thermoelectric material embedded in flip chip interconnects (in particular copper pillar solder bumps) for use in electronics and optoelectronic packaging, including: flip chip packaging of CPU and GPU integrated circuits (chips), laser diodes, and semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOA).

  5. Thermoelectric generator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermoelectric_generator

    Harvesting that heat energy using a thermoelectric generator can increase the fuel efficiency of the car. Thermoelectric generators have been investigated to replace the alternators in cars demonstrating a 3.45% reduction in fuel consumption. [33] Projections for future improvements are up to a 10% increase in mileage for hybrid vehicles. [34]

  6. Thermoelectric effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermoelectric_effect

    Seebeck effect in a thermopile made from iron and copper wires A thermoelectric circuit composed of materials of different Seebeck coefficients (p-doped and n-doped semiconductors), configured as a thermoelectric generator. If the load resistor at the bottom is replaced with a voltmeter, the circuit then functions as a temperature-sensing ...

  7. Thermoelectric materials - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermoelectric_materials

    The efficiency of a thermoelectric device for electricity generation is given by , defined as =.. The maximum efficiency of a thermoelectric device is typically described in terms of its device figure of merit where the maximum device efficiency is approximately given by [7] = + ¯ + ¯ +, where is the fixed temperature at the hot junction, is the fixed temperature at the surface being cooled ...

  8. Thermal expansion valve - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_expansion_valve

    A thermal expansion valve is a key element to a heat pump; this is the cycle that makes air conditioning, or air cooling, possible. A basic refrigeration cycle consists of four major elements: a compressor, a condenser, a metering device and an evaporator. As a refrigerant passes through a circuit containing these four elements, air ...

  9. Thermal diode - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_diode

    A thermal diode in this sense is a device whose thermal resistance is different for heat flow in one direction than for heat flow in the other direction. I.e., when the thermal diode's first terminal is hotter than the second, heat will flow easily from the first to the second, but when the second terminal is hotter than the first, little heat will flow from the second to the first.