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List of free analog and digital electronic circuit simulators, available for Windows, macOS, Linux, and comparing against UC Berkeley SPICE. The following table is split into two groups based on whether it has a graphical visual interface or not.
TINA was created and developed by DesignSoft, a Hungarian company in Budapest. The first Windows version was released in 1993 as TINA 4.0 for analog, digital, and mixed circuits. [3] TINA 9.0 also includes microcontroller (MCU) simulation, RF network analysis, optimization, and printed circuit board design. [2]
The Gilbert cell is a circuit whose output current is a 4 quadrant multiplication of its two differential inputs. Integrated circuits analog multipliers are incorporated into many applications, such as a true RMS converter, but a number of general purpose analog multiplier building blocks are available such as the Linear Four Quadrant Multiplier.
If the circuit being measured can support the heating current, then it is possible to make a post-measurement calculation to correct the effect, as the impedance of the heating element is known. If the signal is small then a pre-amplifier is necessary, and the measuring capabilities of the instrument will be limited by this pre-amplifier.
Hall effect current sensor with internal integrated circuit amplifier. 8 mm opening. Zero current output voltage is midway between the supply voltages that maintain a 4 to 8-volt differential. The non-zero current response is proportional to the voltage supplied and is linear to 60 amperes for this particular (25 A) device.
An autoranging digital multimeter can automatically adjust the scaling network so the measurement circuits use the full precision of the A/D converter. In a digital multimeter the signal under test is converted to a voltage and an amplifier with electronically controlled gain preconditions the signal.
Moreover, the flash ADC is often embedded in a large IC containing many digital decoding functions. Also, a small flash ADC circuit may be present inside a delta-sigma modulation loop. Flash ADCs are also used in NAND flash memory, where up to 3 bits are stored per cell as 8 voltages level on floating gates.
Mixed-mode simulation is handled on three levels by CircuitLogix: (a) with primitive digital elements that use timing models and a built-in 12-state digital logic simulator, (b) with subcircuit models that use the actual transistor topology of the integrated circuit, and finally, (c) with In-line Boolean logic expressions. These two modeling ...