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Clonic seizures occur as rhythmic body jerks. [7] Myoclonic-atonic seizures begins with one or more jerks (myoclonic phase) followed by a loss of muscle tone (atonic phase). [6] Myoclonic-tonic-clonic seizures begin with one or more jerks (myoclonic phase), then body stiffening (tonic-phase), then rhythmic jerks (clonic phase). [6]
A generalized tonic–clonic seizure, commonly known as a grand mal seizure or GTCS, [1] is a type of generalized seizure that produces bilateral, convulsive tonic and clonic muscle contractions. Tonic–clonic seizures are the seizure type most commonly associated with epilepsy and seizures in general and the most common seizure associated ...
Progressive myoclonus epilepsy (PME) is a group of diseases characterized by myoclonus, epileptic seizures, tonic–clonic seizures, and other serious symptoms such as trouble walking or speaking. These rare disorders often get worse over time and can be fatal.
The majority of patients (58.2%) have frequent myoclonic jerks, [13] with some sources stating that all patients with JME have myoclonic seizures. [10] Generalized tonic–clonic seizures are less common [13] but still reported in 85–90%. [10] Absence seizures are believed to be least common, with an estimated prevalence between 10% and 40%.
A seizure is a sudden change in behavior, movement or consciousness due to abnormal electrical activity in the brain. [3] [6] Seizures can look different in different people. It can be uncontrolled shaking of the whole body (tonic-clonic seizures) or a person spacing out for a few seconds (absence seizures).
JME first presents between the ages of 12 and 18 with prominent myoclonic seizures. These seizures tend to occur early in the morning. Patients with JME may also have generalized tonic-clonic seizures and absence seizures. Linkage of this disorder has been shown to mutations in the genes GABRA1, CACNB4, CLCN2, GABRD2, EFHC1, and EFHC2.