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Western blotting can detect hantavirus antigen in tissue samples, [20] but is costly and time consuming. [5] Both traditional and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests of blood, saliva, BAL fluids, and tissue samples can be used. There is a possibility of false-negatives with PCR if there are low levels of virus in the blood, and PCR ...
Hantaan virus was the first hantavirus to be discovered, and the group is named after the virus. The vast majority of HFRS cases occur in China, where Hantaan virus is responsible for up to 70% of cases. Cases of HFRS caused by Hantaan virus also occur in South Korea, Russia, and Vietnam.
Temperature has varying effects on hantavirus transmission. Higher temperatures create unfavorable environments for virus survival and decreases activity levels of Neotropic rodents, but it can cause rodents to seek shelter from heat in human settings and is beneficial for aerosol production.
In rodents, hantavirus produces a chronic infection with no adverse sequelae. In humans, hantavirus produces two major clinical syndromes: hemorrhagic fever or pulmonary syndrome. European, Asian, and African rodent-borne hantaviruses cause hemorrhagic fever. The pulmonary syndrome is caused mainly by Sin Nombre virus and Andes virus in the ...
Differential diagnosis often requires detailed patient history, including recent exposure to rodent habitats, which the patient may not be aware of. Point-of-care and other quick molecular diagnostic tests for hantavirus are under development, which could improve rapid diagnosis in rural areas, typically where most hantavirus cases are found.
Other symptoms included low oxygen levels in the blood , higher than normal white blood cell count in the blood (leukocytosis) hemoconcentration, abnormally low platelet levels in the blood (thrombocytopenia), and increased time needed for the liver to produce prothrombin and for blood to clot. The Hantavirus Study Group's findings were ...