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ISO 2506:1981 Polyethylene pipes (PE) — Longitudinal reversion — Test methods and specification [Withdrawn: replaced with ISO 2505] ISO 2507 Thermoplastics pipes and fittings — Vicat softening temperature ISO 2507-1:1995 Thermoplastics pipes and fittings — Vicat softening temperature — Part 1: General test method
Tensile testing, also known as tension testing, [1] is a fundamental materials science and engineering test in which a sample is subjected to a controlled tension until failure. Properties that are directly measured via a tensile test are ultimate tensile strength , breaking strength , maximum elongation and reduction in area. [ 2 ]
The formation of each lamella contributes to the consumption of energy and thus to an increase in elongation at break. Polystyrene homo-polymers deform when a force is applied until they break. Styrene-butane co-polymers do not break at this point, but begin to flow, solidify to tensile strength and only break at much higher elongation. [63]: 426
[18]: 71 The rubber sleeves are typically secured with stainless steel worm drive clamping bands, which compress the rubber to make a tight seal around the pipes and fittings. These pipe clamps are similar to hose clamps, but are heavier-duty and ideally are made completely of stainless steel (including the screw) to provide maximum service life.
The ultimate tensile strength of a material is an intensive property; therefore its value does not depend on the size of the test specimen.However, depending on the material, it may be dependent on other factors, such as the preparation of the specimen, the presence or otherwise of surface defects, and the temperature of the test environment and material.
Still, the tensile strength will be greater than for the purely perpendicular orientation, since the force perpendicular to the fibres will decrease by a factor of 1/sin θ and the area decreases by a factor of 1/sin θ producing a composite tensile strength of σ perp /sin 2 θ where σ perp is the tensile strength of the composite with fibres ...
Tensile testing using a butt joint configuration is not very conducive to polymers, particularly thin sheets, due to the challenges of mounting to the load frame. An epoxy may be used for mounting, but can lead to failure in the epoxy/polymer interface instead of in the bonded joint. [ 2 ]
Commonly used values for are ~5 or greater, although more precise values are usually obtained by fitting of tensile (or compressive) experimental data. Values for α {\displaystyle \alpha \,} can also be found by means of fitting to experimental data, although for some materials, it can be fixed in order to have the yield offset equal to the ...