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The benzyl cation or phenylcarbenium ion is the carbocation with formula C 6 H 5 CH + 2; the benzyl anion or phenylmethanide ion is the carbanion with the formula C 6 H 5 CH − 2. None of these species can be formed in significant amounts in the solution phase under normal conditions, but they are useful referents for discussion of reaction ...
Benzyl alcohol (also known as α-cresol) is an aromatic alcohol with the formula C 6 H 5 CH 2 OH. The benzyl group is often abbreviated "Bn" (not to be confused with "Bz" which is used for benzoyl), thus benzyl alcohol is denoted as BnOH. Benzyl alcohol is a colorless liquid with a mild pleasant aromatic odor.
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration has set a permissible exposure limit at 5 ppm (22 mg/m 3) over an eight-hour time-weighted average, while the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health recommends a limit of 2.3 ppm (10 mg/m 3).
Benzyl chloride is prepared industrially by the gas-phase photochemical reaction of toluene with chlorine: [3] C 6 H 5 CH 3 + Cl 2 → C 6 H 5 CH 2 Cl + HCl. In this way, approximately 100,000 tonnes are produced annually. The reaction proceeds by the free radical process, involving the intermediacy of free chlorine atoms. [4]
Typically these reactions would be conducted in the presence of a base which serves to absorb the HCl. Alkyl chloroformate esters degrate to give the alkyl chloride, with retention of configuration: ROC(O)Cl ' → RCl + CO 2. The reaction is proposed to proceed via a substitution nucleophilic internal mechanism. [3]
p-Chlorocresol, or 4-chloro-3-methylphenol (ClC 6 H 3 CH 3 OH), also known as p-chloro-m-cresol, is a potent disinfectant and antiseptic. [1] It appears as a pinkish white crystalline solid. [ 2 ] It is also used as a preservative [ 3 ] in cosmetics and medicinal products for both humans and animals.
or normal amyl alcohol primary Pentan-1-ol: 138.5 2-methyl-1-butanol or active amyl alcohol primary 2-Methylbutan-1-ol: 128.7 3-methyl-1-butanol or isoamyl alcohol or isopentyl alcohol primary 3-Methylbutan-1-ol: 131.2 2,2-dimethyl-1-propanol or neopentyl alcohol primary 2,2-Dimethylpropan-1-ol: 113.1 2-pentanol or sec-amyl alcohol or methyl (n ...
ch 3 c 6 h 4 so 3 h + 2 naoh → ch 3 c 6 h 4 oh + na 2 so 3 + h 2 o Other methods for the production of p -cresol include chlorination of toluene followed by hydrolysis. In the cymene-cresol process, toluene is alkylated with propene to give p -cymene , which can be oxidatively dealkylated in a manner similar to the cumene process .