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The Opium War, 1840–1842: Barbarians in the Celestial Empire in the Early Part of the Nineteenth Century and the War by Which They Forced Her Gates Ajar. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-0-8078-1243-3. Gelber, H. (2004). Opium, Soldiers and Evangelicals: England's 1840-42 War with China and Its Aftermath.
Historical accounts suggest that opium first arrived in China during the Tang dynasty (618–907) as part of the merchandise of Arab traders. [10] Later on, Song Dynasty (960–1279) poet and pharmacologist Su Dongpo recorded the use of opium as a medicinal herb: "Daoists often persuade you to drink the jisu water, but even a child can prepare the yingsu soup."
Opium has played an important role in China's history since the First and Second Opium Wars in the mid-19th century. When the Republic of China was defeated, and the People's Republic of China took power, those involved in the illegal drug trade moved to Northeast Myanmar (Burma) setting up the Golden Triangle, as well to Singapore, Hong Kong, and Taiwan.
The Whig controlled government in particular advocated war with China, and the pro-Whig press printed stories about Chinese "despotism and cruelty". This line of reasoning was primary defence for war with China. [112] Since August 1839, reports had been published in London newspapers about troubles at Guangzhou and the impending war with China.
The Arrow War with China (1901) online free. Henry Loch, Personal narrative of occurrences during Lord Elgin's second embassy to China 1860, 1869. Lovell, Julia (2011). Opium War. London: Picador. ISBN 978-0-330-53785-8. Ringmar, Erik (2013). Liberal Barbarism: The European Destruction of the Palace of the Emperor of China. New York: Palgrave ...
Companies began to export opium from India to China, selling the drug to raise the money to buy shipments of tea. This was against Chinese law and angered China's authorities. In 1839, war broke out between Britain and China over the opium trade. Britain defeated China and under the terms of the Treaty of Nanking in 1842, Hong Kong became a ...
The opioid epidemic, also referred to as the opioid crisis, is the rapid increase in the overuse, misuse/abuse, and overdose deaths attributed either in part or in whole to the class of drugs called opiates/opioids since the 1990s. It includes the significant medical, social, psychological, demographic and economic consequences of the medical ...
Opium in China may refer to: History of opium in China; Opium Wars, the mid-1800s conflicts between Western powers and China including: the First Opium War (1839–1842) the Second Opium War (1856–1860) 1967 Opium War, conflict between marooned elements of the Kuomintang (Chinese Nationalist Party) and the Kingdom of Laos