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The training protocol is based on the principles of applied behavior analysis. [3] The goal of PECS is spontaneous and functional communication. [3] The PECS teaching protocol is based on B. F. Skinner's book, Verbal Behavior, such that functional verbal operants are systematically taught using prompting and reinforcement strategies that will lead to independent communication.
Strategies used are designed to address the difficulties faced by all people with autism, and be adaptable to whatever style and degree of support is required. [2] TEACCH methodology is rooted in behavior therapy, more recently combining cognitive elements, [ 4 ] guided by theories suggesting that behavior typical of people with autism results ...
Several studies have found PCS to be more transparent than other graphic symbols such as Blissymbols. [2] A graphic symbol is transparent if "the shape, motion, or function of the referent is depicted to such an extent that meaning of the symbol can be readily guessed in the absence of the referent" (Fuller & Lloyd, 1991, p. 217).
The amygdala, cerebellum, and many other brain regions have been implicated in autism. [15]Unlike some brain disorders which have clear molecular hallmarks that can be observed in every affected individual, such as Alzheimer's disease or Parkinson's disease, autism does not have a unifying mechanism at the molecular, cellular, or systems level.
The Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) was developed in 1985 at the Delaware Autism Program [379] by Andy Bondy and Lori Frost. [380] It is a communication teaching method for people with limited speech. In the late 1980s, the field of Developmental Education developed at the Sturt campus of SACAE in Adelaide, Australia.
Social Stories are a concept devised by Carol Gray in 1991 to improve the social skills of people with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). [3] The objective is to share information, which is often through a description of the events occurring around the subject and also why. [4] Social stories are used to educate and as praise.
The scale is available in forms for teachers as well as parents, and like the Gilliam Autism Rating Scale it is comparatively less complicated to administer and score than other tests such as the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule or the Autism Diagnostic Interview — Revised (although both of these more complex tests are increasingly used ...