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Vietnamese also has 14 vowel nuclei, and 6 tones that are integral to the interpretation of the language. Older interpretations of Vietnamese tones differentiated between "sharp" and "heavy" entering and departing tones. This article is a technical description of the sound system of the Vietnamese language, including phonetics and phonology.
Vietnamese uses 22 letters of the ISO basic Latin alphabet.The 4 remaining letters aren't considered part of the Vietnamese alphabet although they are used to write loanwords, languages of other ethnic groups in the country based on Vietnamese phonetics to differentiate the meanings or even Vietnamese dialects, for example: dz or z for southerner pronunciation of v in standard Vietnamese.
This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Vietnamese on Wikipedia. It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Vietnamese in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them.
The following is the chart of the International Phonetic Alphabet, a standardized system of phonetic symbols devised and maintained by the International Phonetic Association.
Within the chart “close”, “open”, “mid”, “front”, “central”, and “back” refer to the placement of the sound within the mouth. [3] At points where two sounds share an intersection, the left is unrounded, and the right is rounded which refers to the shape of the lips while making the sound. [4]
California State Route 39 in Little Saigon, Orange County, is named after Vietnamese-American singer-songwriter Việt Dzũng, born Nguyễn Ngọc Hùng Dũng. Dz is sometimes used in Vietnamese names as a pronunciation respelling of the letter D. Several common Vietnamese given names start with the letter D, including Dũng, Dụng, and Dương.
In French and Italian orthographies the sound is represented by the digraph gn . Occitan uses the digraph nh , the source of the same Portuguese digraph called ene-agá (lit. ' en-aitch '), used thereafter by languages whose writing systems are influenced by Portuguese orthography, such as Vietnamese.
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