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The term ordinary Hall effect can be used to distinguish the effect described in the introduction from a related effect which occurs across a void or hole in a semiconductor or metal plate when current is injected via contacts that lie on the boundary or edge of the void. The charge then flows outside the void, within the metal or semiconductor ...
The fractional quantum Hall effect is more complicated and still considered an open research problem. [2] Its existence relies fundamentally on electron–electron interactions. In 1988, it was proposed that there was a quantum Hall effect without Landau levels. [3] This quantum Hall effect is referred to as the quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) effect.
The name reflects the fact that, as Hofstadter wrote, "the large gaps [in the graph] form a very striking pattern somewhat resembling a butterfly." [1] The Hofstadter butterfly plays an important role in the theory of the integer quantum Hall effect and the theory of topological quantum numbers.
Left hand graph shows fermi energy vs density of states (DOS) while right hand one shows hall resistance and resistance as a function of magnetic field (B). During the video B is slowly increased. The Landau Levels form on the left hand graph, while two markers show the position on the resistance curves on the right.
Quantum Hall transitions are the quantum phase transitions that occur between different robustly quantized electronic phases of the quantum Hall effect. The robust quantization of these electronic phases is due to strong localization of electrons in their disordered, two-dimensional potential. But, at the quantum Hall transition, the electron ...
The result of the measurement is called the "Hall mobility" (meaning "mobility inferred from a Hall-effect measurement"). Consider a semiconductor sample with a rectangular cross section as shown in the figures, a current is flowing in the x -direction and a magnetic field is applied in the z -direction.
The quantum hall effect can be used to precisely measure the conductance quantum value. It also occurs in electrochemistry reactions [ 5 ] and in association with the quantum capacitance defines the rate with which electrons are transferred between quantum chemical states as described by the quantum rate theory.
Hall effect magnetometers (also called tesla meters or gauss meters) use a Hall probe [23] with a Hall element to measure magnetic fields or inspect materials (such as tubing or pipelines) using the principles of magnetic flux leakage. A Hall probe is a device that uses a calibrated Hall effect sensor to directly measure the strength of a ...