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Sodium silicate is also the technical and common name for a mixture of such compounds, chiefly the metasilicate, also called waterglass, water glass, or liquid glass. The product has a wide variety of uses, including the formulation of cements , coatings, passive fire protection , textile and lumber processing, manufacture of refractory ...
Since sodium is an alkali element, its selective removal from the surface results in a dealkalized surface. A classic example of dealkalization is the treatment of glass containers, where a special process is used to create a dealkalized inside surface that is more resistant to interactions with liquid products put inside the container. However ...
Soda–lime glass (for containers) [2] Borosilicate (low expansion, similar to Pyrex, Duran) Glass wool (for thermal insulation) Special optical glass (similar to Lead crystal) Fused silica Germania glass Germanium selenide glass Chemical composition, wt% 74 SiO 2, 13 Na 2 O, 10.5 CaO, 1.3 Al 2 O 3, 0.3 K 2 O, 0.2 SO 3, 0.2 MgO, 0.01 TiO 2, 0. ...
The most common commercial glass types contain both alkali and alkaline earth ions (usually sodium and calcium), for easier processing and satisfying corrosion resistance. [20] Corrosion resistance of glass can be increased by dealkalization, removal of the alkali ions from the glass surface [21] by reaction with sulphur or fluorine compounds. [22]
Sodium hydroxide, also known as lye and caustic soda, [1] [2] is an inorganic compound with the formula NaOH. It is a white solid ionic compound consisting of sodium cations Na + and hydroxide anions OH −. Sodium hydroxide is a highly corrosive base and alkali that decomposes lipids and proteins at ambient temperatures and may cause severe ...
The manufacturing process for soda–lime glass consists in melting the raw materials, which are the silica, soda (Na 2 O), hydrated lime (Ca(OH) 2), dolomite (CaMg(CO 3) 2, which provides the magnesium oxide), and aluminium oxide; along with small quantities of fining agents (e.g., sodium sulfate (Na 2 SO 4), sodium chloride (NaCl), etc.) in a glass furnace at temperatures locally up to 1675 ...
The battery's design is safer than lithium-ion batteries, as the use of a flammable liquid electrolyte is avoided. [2] The battery can also be made using low-cost sodium instead of lithium. [2] The authors claim the battery has a much shorter charging time than Li-ion batteries—in minutes rather than hours.
There also exists a more advanced two-stage process for making chemically strengthened glass, in which the glass article is first immersed in a sodium nitrate bath at 450 °C (842 °F), which enriches the surface with sodium ions. This leaves more sodium ions on the glass for the immersion in potassium nitrate to replace with potassium ions.