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An osteosarcoma (OS) or osteogenic sarcoma (OGS) is a cancerous tumor in a bone. Specifically, it is an aggressive malignant neoplasm that arises from primitive transformed cells of mesenchymal origin (and thus a sarcoma ) and that exhibits osteoblastic differentiation and produces malignant osteoid .
This two sided appearance is generated due to a tumor (or growth) that is growing at a rate which is faster than the periosteum can grow or expand, so instead of dimpling, the periosteum tears away and provides ossification on the second edge of the triangle. [2] The advancing tumour displaces the periosteum away from the bone medulla.
Saos-2 ("sarcoma osteogenic") is a cell line derived from the primary osteosarcoma of an 11-year-old Caucasian girl in 1973 by Fogh et al. [1] The cell line is commonly used in bone cancer research as a model for testing novel therapies.
A bone sarcoma is a primary malignant bone tumour, a type of sarcoma that starts in the bones. [1] This is in contrast to most bone cancers that are secondary having developed as a metastasis from another cancer. Bone sarcomas are rare, and mostly affect the legs. The other type of sarcoma is a soft-tissue sarcoma.
Onion skin periosteal reaction is seen in osteosarcoma, [2] Ewing sarcoma and Langerhans cell histiocytosis. [3] In radiological images, onion skin periosteal reaction is seen as radiolucent areas along the multiple layers of dense bone. [4] The lucent areas may be occupied by tumors or inflammation.
A sarcoma is a malignant tumor, a type of cancer that arises from cells of mesenchymal (connective tissue) origin. [1] [2] Connective tissue is a broad term that includes bone, cartilage, muscle, fat, vascular, or other structural tissues, and sarcomas can arise in any of these types of tissues.