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One cause of the gender pay gap may be due to occupational segregation, which pushes men and women towards gender-specific forms of employment, rather than pay discrimination. Another possible cause is the double burden , a phenomenon in which women perform most of the unpaid childcare and household work despite being otherwise employed for pay.
The causes of gender incongruence have been studied for decades. Transgender brain studies, especially those on trans women attracted to women ( gynephilic ), and those on trans men attracted to men ( androphilic ), are limited, as they include only a small number of tested individuals. [ 2 ]
Gender stereotypes limit opportunities of different gender when their performance or abilities were standardizing according to their gender-at-birth, that women and men may encounter limitations and difficulties when challenging the society through performing behaviors that their gender is "not supposed" to perform.
The social relationship between gender and elections is crucial, as gender plays a significant role in moderating the correlation between election and legislative behavior. [31] Our social gender beliefs impact not only how the general public perceives women in political office but also their decision-making and political actions.
Gender is used as a means of describing the distinction between the biological sex and socialized aspects of femininity and masculinity. [9] According to West and Zimmerman, gender is not a personal trait; it is "an emergent feature of social situations: both as an outcome of and a rationale for various social arrangements, and as a means of legitimating one of the most fundamental divisions ...
Feminist sociology is an interdisciplinary exploration of gender and power throughout society. Here, it uses conflict theory and theoretical perspectives to observe gender in its relation to power , both at the level of face-to-face interaction and reflexivity within social structures at large.
The gender-equality paradox is the finding that various gender differences in personality and occupational choice are larger in more gender equal countries. Larger differences are found in Big Five personality traits , Dark Triad traits , self-esteem, depression, personal values, occupational and educational choices.
A tremendous inconsistency in the US is that some states recognize a transgender person's gender transition while other states do not. Laws vary from state to state concerning the requirements for changing the gender on birth certificates and other identity documents.