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Topical fluorides are fluoride-containing drugs indicated in prevention and treatment of dental caries, particularly in children's primary dentitions. [1] The dental-protecting property of topical fluoride can be attributed to multiple mechanisms of action, including the promotion of remineralization of decalcified enamel, the inhibition of the cariogenic microbial metabolism in dental plaque ...
Dental fluorosis is a common [2] disorder, characterized by hypocalcification of tooth enamel caused by ingestion of excessive fluoride during enamel formation. [3] [needs update] Dental fluorosis appears as a range of visual changes in enamel [4] causing degrees of intrinsic tooth discoloration, and, in some
The use of fluoride supplements during the last six months of pregnancy has no significant impact on the incidence of fluorosis in children. [16] Optimal water fluoridation for the prevention of dental caries increases the prevalence of dental fluorosis by 4 to 5%. [13] The observed effects are mild to moderate, usually of minimal aesthetic ...
Dental caries Fluoride or fluorine deficiency is a disorder which may cause increased dental caries [ 1 ] and possibly osteoporosis , [ 2 ] [ 3 ] due to a lack of fluoride in diet. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] Common dietary sources of fluoride include tea, grape juice, wine, raisins, some seafood, coffee, and tap water that has been fluoridated . [ 6 ]
An excess of fluoride in drinking water causes dental fluorosis and skeletal fluorosis. The World Health Organization has recommended a guideline value of 1.5 mg/L as the concentration above which dental fluorosis is likely. [2] Fluorosis is endemic in more than 20 developed and developing nations. [3]
Most extrinsic discoloration is readily removed by cleaning the teeth, whether with "whitening" (i.e., abrasive) toothpaste at home, or as treatment carried out by a professional (e.g., scaling and/or polishing). To prevent future buildup of extrinsic stains, identification of the cause (e.g., smoking) is required.
The NHMRC an Australian Government statutory body, released the public statement of efficacy and safety of fluoridation 2007 to set the recommended water fluoridation to the target range of 0.6 to 1.1 mg/L, depending on climate, to balance reduction of dental caries (tooth decay) and occurrence of dental fluorosis (mottling of teeth). Moreover ...
The only generally accepted adverse effect of fluoride at levels used for water fluoridation is dental fluorosis, which can alter the appearance of children's teeth during tooth development; this is mostly mild and usually only an aesthetic concern. Compared to unfluoridated water, fluoridation to 1 mg/L is estimated to cause fluorosis in one ...