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The description above is given for what is now called a serially concatenated code. Turbo codes, as described first in 1993, implemented a parallel concatenation of two convolutional codes, with an interleaver between the two codes and an iterative decoder that passes information forth and back between the codes. [6]
The term closure is often used as a synonym for anonymous function, though strictly, an anonymous function is a function literal without a name, while a closure is an instance of a function, a value, whose non-local variables have been bound either to values or to storage locations (depending on the language; see the lexical environment section below).
The operating system does not release the resources allocated to a socket until the socket is closed. This is especially important if the connect call fails and will be retried. When an application closes a socket, only the interface to the socket is destroyed. It is the kernel's responsibility to destroy the socket internally.
FTP server return codes always have three digits, and each digit has a special meaning. [1] The first digit denotes whether the response is good, bad or incomplete: Range
This class of status code indicates the client must take additional action to complete the request. Many of these status codes are used in URL redirection. [2] A user agent may carry out the additional action with no user interaction only if the method used in the second request is GET or HEAD. A user agent may automatically redirect a request.
According to RFC 793, a TCP connection is referred to as half-open when the host at one end of that TCP connection has crashed, or has otherwise removed the socket without notifying the other end. If the remaining end is idle, the connection may remain in the half-open state for unbounded periods of time.
A class in C++ is a user-defined type or data structure declared with any of the keywords class, struct or union (the first two are collectively referred to as non-union classes) that has data and functions (also called member variables and member functions) as its members whose access is governed by the three access specifiers private, protected or public.