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Hyperextension and hyperflexion in whiplash injury. Chronic posttraumatic pain is pain that develops or worsens after an injury. The pain is either localized to the injured region, referred to a dermatomal region, or innervation territory of the nerves in the area. [20] Chronic pain after burns injury; Chronic whiplash injury associated pain
It can develop after traumatic injuries, like car accidents, gunshot wounds, fractures, or intense sports. [26] [26] Examples include a severe crush injury or an open or closed fracture of an extremity. [26] Rarely, ACS can develop after a minor injury or another medical issue. [12] It can also affect the thigh, buttock, hand, abdomen, and foot.
Post herniorrhaphy pain syndrome, or inguinodynia is pain or discomfort lasting greater than 3 months after surgery of inguinal hernia. Randomized trials of laparoscopic vs open inguinal hernia repair have demonstrated similar recurrence rates with the use of mesh and have identified that chronic groin pain (>10%) surpasses recurrence (<2%) and is an important measure of success.
Chronic pain post-traumatic or surgery: Pain that occurs 3 months after an injury or surgery, without taking into account infectious conditions and the severity of tissue damage; also, the person's past pain is not important in this classification. Chronic neuropathic pain: pain caused by damage to the somatosensory nervous system.
Critical limb ischemia is diagnosed by the presence of ischemic rest pain, and an ulcers that will not heal or gangrene due to insufficient blood flow. [3] Insufficient blood flow may be confirmed by ankle-brachial index (ABI), ankle pressure, toe-brachial index (TBI), toe systolic pressure, transcutaneous oxygen measurement (TcpO2 ), or skin perfusion pressure (SPP).
Complex regional pain syndrome is uncommon, and its cause is not clearly understood. CRPS typically develops after an injury, surgery, heart attack, or stroke. [8] [12] Investigators estimate that 2–5% of those with peripheral nerve injury, [13] and 13–70% of those with hemiplegia (paralysis of one side of the body) [14] will develop CRPS.
Signs and symptoms of peroneal nerve palsy are related to mostly lower legs and foot which are the following: [3] Decreased sensation, numbness, or tingling in the top of the foot or the outer part of the upper or lower leg; Foot drops (unable to hold the foot straight across) Toes drag while walking; Weakness of the ankles or feet; Prickling ...
Localized pain in the forefoot, particularly during weight-bearing activities. The pain is often described as sharp or aching and may worsen with prolonged standing or walking. Swelling Edema around the affected metatarsal head, which can be visible and palpable. The swelling may fluctuate but is generally persistent. Stiffness