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Vespula squamosa, or the southern yellowjacket, is a social wasp.This species can be identified by its distinctive black and yellow patterning and orange queen. [1] This species is typically found in eastern North America, and its territory extends as far south as Central America. [1]
Face of a southern yellowjacket (Vespula squamosa)Yellowjackets may be confused with other wasps, such as hornets and paper wasps such as Polistes dominula.A typical yellowjacket worker is about 12 mm (0.47 in) long, with alternating bands on the abdomen; the queen is larger, about 19 mm (0.75 in) long (the different patterns on their abdomens help separate various species).
The queen continues to forage for construction materials and food until four to seven workers have emerged. At this point, the queen focuses solely on laying eggs and the nest continues to expand. Between August and September, males and queens are produced, which then leave the nest and mate.
An average worker can kill at least 15 other workers, but killing a queen is much harder and requires use of about 1/3 of a worker's total venom supply. [14] While venom may occasionally be used in intraspecies conflicts, it is more frequently used to defend the colony against macropredators and predators encountered during foraging, including ...
The benefits are gained through various measures, such as increasing colony efficiency and establishing a female-based sex-allocation ratio. Worker policing is especially common in colonies where queens mate with multiple males. Thus on average, the workers are more closely related to sons of the queen than to those of other workers.
The queens are the largest, followed by the males, and then the workers. A V. maculifrons nest can range from 94–300 mm (3.7–11.8 in) in diameter, allowing for hundreds to thousands of workers inside. A large nest can contain 10,000 to 15,000 cells, with a little less than a third of them dedicated to the larger queen cells. [5]
Vespula acadica, also known as the Forest Yellowjacket, is a North American species of eusocial wasp which is part of the "rufa" group within the genus Vespula.It is a black and yellow wasp that is found in arboreal areas and builds its nests most often in decaying vegetation like logs, but has occasionally been found to build aerial nests. [1]
Setter – I, ME, ONE (meaning the setter of the crossword) Setter's – MY (meaning the setter of the crossword) Sex appeal – IT (after Clara Bow – the It girl) or SA; Shilling – S; Ship – SS (steam ship) Ship's officer – PO (petty officer) Shirt – T; Short wave – SW; Side – LEG, OFF, ON; Significant other – SO