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For example, the right arm and leg are controlled by the left, contralateral, side of the brain. Ipsilateral (from Latin ipse 'same'): on the same side as another structure. [25] For example, the left arm is ipsilateral to the left leg. Bilateral (from Latin bis 'twice'): on both sides of the body. [26]
Crossed extensor reflex — a contraction of a limb in response to ipsilateral pain, and extension of the contralateral limb. Cushing reflex - triad of hypertension, bradycardia, and irregular breathing in response to elevated ICP. Diving reflex; Enterogastric reflex
An example of this is when a person steps on a nail: The leg that is stepping on the nail pulls away, while the other leg takes the weight of the whole body. [ 4 ] The crossed extensor reflex is contralateral, meaning the reflex occurs on the opposite side of the body from the stimulus.
A gyrus is an outward folding of the brain, for example the precentral gyrus. A sulcus is an inward fold, or valley in the brain's surface - for example the central sulcus. Additional terms used to describe these may include: Annectent gyrus, for a small gyrus hidden in the depth of a sulcus; sulcal fundus, for the bottom of a sulcus, an inward ...
The fibers then often cross over again within the cerebellum to end on the ipsilateral side. For this reason the tract is sometimes termed the "double-crosser." The Rostral Tract synapses at the dorsal horn lamina (intermediate gray zone) of the spinal cord and ascends ipsilaterally to the cerebellum through the inferior cerebellar peduncle
Like the stretch reflex, the tendon reflex is ipsilateral. The sensory receptors for this reflex are called tendon Golgi receptors , which lie within a tendon near its junction with a muscle. In contrast to muscle spindles , which are sensitive to changes in muscle length, tendon organs detect and respond to changes in muscle tension that are ...
The ciliospinal reflex (pupillary-skin reflex) consists of dilation of the ipsilateral pupil in response to pain applied to the neck, face, and upper trunk. If the right side of the neck is subjected to a painful stimulus, the right pupil dilates (increases in size 1-2mm from baseline).
As an example of a spinal reflex, it results in a fast response that involves an afferent signal into the spinal cord and an efferent signal out to the muscle. The stretch reflex can be a monosynaptic reflex which provides automatic regulation of skeletal muscle length, whereby the signal entering the spinal cord arises from a change in muscle ...