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Chinese jade refers to the jade mined or carved in China from the Neolithic onward. It is the primary hardstone of Chinese sculpture . Although deep and bright green jadeite is better known in Europe, for most of China's history, jade has come in a variety of colors and white "mutton-fat" nephrite was the most highly praised and prized.
While the term 'jade' typically refer to nephrite and jadeite in scholarly literature, the character yu (Chinese: 玉) in China can also be applied to other forms of precious stones and materials, such as agate, serpentine, soapstone, marble, [10] tremolite, and hornblende [11]: 31 The True jade (Chinese: 真玉; pinyin: Zhēnyù) in China is ...
It was believed that cicada jade would prevent the decaying of a corpse or speed up the deceased's rebirth. [13]: 89 Symbol of immortality and resurrection (or regeneration [13]: 89 ); it is also a symbol of happiness and eternal youth as cicada's longevity is longer than other insects. [12] Cicada jade used in burial practice, Han dynasty
A bi is a flat jade disc with a circular hole in the centre. Neolithic bi are undecorated, while those of later periods of China, like the Zhou dynasty, bear increasingly ornate surface carving (particularly in a hexagonal pattern) whose motifs represented deities associated with the sky (four directions) as well as standing for qualities and powers the wearer wanted to invoke or embody.
Main jade producing countries. Jade is an umbrella term for two different types of decorative rocks used for jewelry or ornaments.Jade is often referred to by either of two different silicate mineral names: nephrite (a silicate of calcium and magnesium in the amphibole group of minerals), or jadeite (a silicate of sodium and aluminum in the pyroxene group of minerals). [1]
The earliest cong were produced by the Xuejiagang culture and the Liangzhu culture (3400–2250 BC); later examples date mainly from the Shang and Zhou dynasties. [2]Interest in the jade shape developed during the 12th–13th century Song dynasty.
Jade culture is an important aspect of Chinese culture, [3] reflecting both the material and spiritual culture of the Chinese people. [4]: 18 Jade is deeply ingrained in Chinese culture and played a role in every aspect of social life; [4]: 18 it is also associated with positive qualities and aspects such as purity, excellence, and harmony.
Royal jade cong is exceptionally massive, with 8.9 centimeters high and 6.5 kilograms in weight. According to museum site it is "the most impressive of all the jade cong of Liangzhu culture". [ 3 ] Because of its large weight, it has been dubbed the "king of cong ". [ 4 ]