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About 20,000 protein coding genes are expressed in human cells and almost 75% of these genes are expressed in the normal lung. [ 83 ] [ 84 ] A little less than 200 of these genes are more specifically expressed in the lung with less than 20 genes being highly lung specific.
Type II cells are also capable of cellular division, giving rise to more type I and II alveolar cells when the lung tissue is damaged. [21] MUC1, a human gene associated with type II pneumocytes, has been identified as a marker in lung cancer. [22]
The Human Cell Atlas project, which started in 2016, had as one of its goals to "catalog all cell types (for example, immune cells or brain cells) and sub-types in the human body". [13] By 2018, the Human Cell Atlas description based the project on the assumption that "our characterization of the hundreds of types and subtypes of cells in the ...
The end-exhalatory lung volume is now well below the resting mid-position and contains far less air than the resting "functional residual capacity". However, in a normal mammal, the lungs cannot be emptied completely. In an adult human, there is always still at least 1 liter of residual air left in the lungs after maximum exhalation. [6]
The lungs are the largest organs in the lower respiratory tract. The lungs are suspended within the pleural cavity of the thorax. The pleurae are two thin membranes, one cell layer thick, which surround the lungs. The inner (visceral pleura) covers the lungs and the outer (parietal pleura) lines the inner surface of the chest wall. This ...
Human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HLMVECs) are cells derived from the pulmonary endothelium. HLMVECs are used as a laboratory model system for the study of the function and pathology of the pulmonary endothelium to research conditions such as ARDS [ 1 ] HLMVECs are used due to their simple techniques for isolating them from adult ...