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  2. Comparative foot morphology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparative_foot_morphology

    Skeletons of a human and an elephant. Comparative foot morphology involves comparing the form of distal limb structures of a variety of terrestrial vertebrates.Understanding the role that the foot plays for each type of organism must take account of the differences in body type, foot shape, arrangement of structures, loading conditions and other variables.

  3. Human skeletal changes due to bipedalism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_skeletal_changes_due...

    Ape skeletons. A display at the Museum of Zoology, University of Cambridge.From left to right: Bornean orangutan, two western gorillas, chimpanzee, human. The evolution of human bipedalism, which began in primates approximately four million years ago, [1] or as early as seven million years ago with Sahelanthropus, [2] [3] or approximately twelve million years ago with Danuvius guggenmosi, has ...

  4. Comparative anatomy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparative_anatomy

    Comparative anatomy is the study of similarities and differences in the anatomy of different species. It is closely related to evolutionary biology and phylogeny [ 1 ] (the evolution of species). The science began in the classical era , continuing in the early modern period with work by Pierre Belon who noted the similarities of the skeletons ...

  5. Foot - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foot

    The foot (pl.: feet) is an anatomical structure found in many vertebrates.It is the terminal portion of a limb which bears weight and allows locomotion.In many animals with feet, the foot is a separate [clarification needed] organ at the terminal part of the leg made up of one or more segments or bones, generally including claws and/or nails.

  6. Bipedalism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bipedalism

    An animal or machine that usually moves in a bipedal manner is known as a biped / ˈ b aɪ p ɛ d /, meaning 'two feet' (from Latin bis 'double' and pes 'foot'). Types of bipedal movement include walking or running (a bipedal gait) and hopping. Several groups of modern species are habitual bipeds whose normal method of locomotion is two-legged.

  7. Human skeleton - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_skeleton

    The axial skeleton (80 bones) is formed by the vertebral column (32–34 bones; the number of the vertebrae differs from human to human as the lower 2 parts, sacral and coccygeal bone may vary in length), a part of the rib cage (12 pairs of ribs and the sternum), and the skull (22 bones and 7 associated bones).

  8. Cuneiform bones - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuneiform_bones

    There are three cuneiform ("wedge-shaped") bones in the human foot: the first or medial cuneiform; the second or intermediate cuneiform, also known as the middle cuneiform; the third or lateral cuneiform; They are located between the navicular bone and the first, second and third metatarsal bones and are medial to the cuboid bone. [1]

  9. Facultative bipedalism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facultative_bipedalism

    Walking is when the footfalls have an evenly spaced gait and one foot is always on the ground. [8] Running occurs when both feet are off the ground at the same time in what is called the aerial phase. [8] Skipping involves an aerial phase, but the two feet hit the ground immediately after each other, and the trailing foot changes after each ...