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  2. Arrangement of lines - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrangement_of_lines

    However, parallel (non-crossing) pairs of lines are less restricted in hyperbolic line arrangements than in the Euclidean plane: in particular, the relation of being parallel is an equivalence relation for Euclidean lines but not for hyperbolic lines. [51] The intersection graph of the lines in a hyperbolic arrangement can be an arbitrary ...

  3. Buffon's needle problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffon's_needle_problem

    Here, θ = 0 represents a needle that is parallel to the marked lines, and θ = ⁠ π / 2 ⁠ radians represents a needle that is perpendicular to the marked lines. Any angle within this range is assumed an equally likely outcome. The two random variables, x and θ, are independent, [4] so the joint probability density function is the product

  4. Intercept theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercept_theorem

    The intercept theorem, also known as Thales's theorem, basic proportionality theorem or side splitter theorem, is an important theorem in elementary geometry about the ratios of various line segments that are created if two rays with a common starting point are intercepted by a pair of parallels.

  5. Cross section (geometry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross_section_(geometry)

    Alternatively, if a plane section of the production function is taken at a fixed level of y —that is, parallel to the xz-plane—then the result is a two-dimensional graph showing how much output can be produced at each of various values of usage x of one input combined with the fixed value of the other input y.

  6. Fischer projection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fischer_projection

    Fischer projection of D-Glyceraldehyde.Projection of a tetrahedral molecule onto a planar surface. Visualizing a Fischer projection. In chemistry, the Fischer projection, devised by Emil Fischer in 1891, is a two-dimensional representation of a three-dimensional organic molecule by projection.

  7. Transversal (geometry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transversal_(geometry)

    Euclid's Proposition 27 states that if a transversal intersects two lines so that alternate interior angles are congruent, then the lines are parallel. Euclid proves this by contradiction: If the lines are not parallel then they must intersect and a triangle is formed. Then one of the alternate angles is an exterior angle equal to the other ...

  8. Three utilities problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_utilities_problem

    The lines connecting the remaining houses with the utilities divide the plane into three regions. Whichever region the deleted house is placed into, the similarly shaded utility is outside the region. By the Jordan curve theorem, a line connecting them must intersect one of the existing lines.

  9. Line–line intersection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line–line_intersection

    The x and y coordinates of the point of intersection of two non-vertical lines can easily be found using the following substitutions and rearrangements. Suppose that two lines have the equations y = ax + c and y = bx + d where a and b are the slopes (gradients) of the lines and where c and d are the y-intercepts of the lines.