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Atrial fibrillation (AF, AFib or A-fib) is an abnormal heart rhythm (arrhythmia) characterized by rapid and irregular beating of the atrial chambers of the heart. [ 11 ] [ 12 ] It often begins as short periods of abnormal beating , which become longer or continuous over time. [ 4 ]
Ventricular fibrillation (V-fib or VF) is an abnormal heart rhythm in which the ventricles of the heart quiver. [2] It is due to disorganized electrical activity . [ 2 ] Ventricular fibrillation results in cardiac arrest with loss of consciousness and no pulse . [ 1 ]
In Europe and North America, as of 2014, atrial fibrillation affects about 2% to 3% of the population. [50] Atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter resulted in 112,000 deaths in 2013, up from 29,000 in 1990. [26] Sudden cardiac death is the cause of about half of deaths due to cardiovascular disease or about 15% of all deaths globally. [51]
Cardiac physiology or heart function is the study of healthy, unimpaired function of the heart: involving blood flow; myocardium structure; the electrical conduction system of the heart; the cardiac cycle and cardiac output and how these interact and depend on one another.
Defibrillation is often an important step in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). [ 6 ] [ 7 ] CPR is an algorithm-based intervention aimed to restore cardiac and pulmonary function. [ 6 ] Defibrillation is indicated only in certain types of cardiac dysrhythmias , specifically ventricular fibrillation (VF) and pulseless ventricular tachycardia .
Such a score is used to determine whether or not treatment is required with anticoagulation therapy or antiplatelet therapy, [1] since AF can cause stasis of blood in the upper heart chambers, leading to the formation of a mural thrombus that can dislodge into the blood flow, reach the brain, cut off supply to the brain, and cause a stroke.
PDE5 stands for phosphodiesterase type 5, an enzyme that plays an important role in regulating blood flow to many parts of your body, including the soft tissues inside your privates.
Major factors influencing cardiac output – heart rate and stroke volume, both of which are variable. [1]In cardiac physiology, cardiac output (CO), also known as heart output and often denoted by the symbols , ˙, or ˙, [2] is the volumetric flow rate of the heart's pumping output: that is, the volume of blood being pumped by a single ventricle of the heart, per unit time (usually measured ...