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More than 90 percent of dogs with struvite stones have an associated urease-producing bacterial infection in the urinary tract, but in cats struvite stones usually form in sterile urine. [7] The appearance of the stones vary from large solitary stones to multiple smaller stones. They can assume the shape of the bladder or urethra. Struvite crystals
Naproxen (Aleve)* has a long half-life in dogs and can cause gastrointestinal irritation, anemia, melena (digested blood in feces), and vomiting. [175] Antifreeze* is very dangerous to dogs and causes central nervous system depression and acute kidney injury. Treatment needs to be within eight hours of ingestion to be successful. [174]
[10] [11] Struvite is the most common mineral found in urinary tract stones in dogs, [13] and is found also in urinary tract stones of cats and humans. Struvite stones are potentiated by bacterial infection that hydrolyzes urea to ammonium and raises urine pH to neutral or alkaline values.
Cystinuria is usually asymptomatic when no stone is formed. However, once a stone is formed, signs and symptoms can occur: [1] Nausea; Flank pain; Hematuria; Urinary tract infections; Rarely, acute or chronic kidney disease; People with cystinuria pass stones monthly, weekly, or daily, and need ongoing care.
The use of these tubes may lead to an infection, which irritates the bladder, resulting in stone formation. Finally, a kidney stone may travel down the ureter into the bladder and become a bladder stone. There is some evidence indicating that chronic irritation of the bladder by retained stones may increase the chance of bladder cancer.
In dogs, however, the parasite quite often remains in the abdominal cavity, which has less serious consequences for the dog than an infection of the kidney. The infected kidney is slowly destroyed by the parasite, which usually also perforates the renal pelvis in the process. [ 47 ]