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2. Annealing (materials science) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annealing_(materials_science)

   This process is also called LP annealing for lamellar pearlite in the steel industry as opposed to a process anneal, which does not specify a microstructure and only has the goal of softening the material. Often the material to be machined is annealed, and then subject to further heat treatment to achieve the final desired properties.

3. Heat treating - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_treating

   Heat treatment involves the use of heating or chilling, normally to extreme temperatures, to achieve the desired result such as hardening or softening of a material. Heat treatment techniques include annealing, case hardening, precipitation strengthening, tempering, carburizing, normalizing and quenching.

4. Precipitation hardening - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precipitation_hardening

   Solution treatment and aging is sometimes abbreviated "STA" in specifications and certificates for metals. Two different heat treatments involving precipitates can alter the strength of a material: solution heat treating and precipitation heat treating. Solid solution strengthening involves formation of a single-phase solid solution via ...

5. Furnace anneal - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furnace_anneal

   The damage caused can be repaired by subjecting the crystal to high temperature. This process is called annealing. Furnace anneals may be integrated into other furnace processing steps, such as oxidations, or may be processed on their own. Furnace anneals are performed by equipment especially built to heat semiconductor wafers. Furnaces are ...

6. Tempering (metallurgy) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tempering_(metallurgy)

   Very few metals react to heat treatment in the same manner, or to the same extent, that carbon steel does, and carbon-steel heat-treating behavior can vary radically depending on alloying elements. Steel can be softened to a very malleable state through annealing, or it can be hardened to a state as hard and brittle as glass by quenching.

7. Hardening (metallurgy) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardening_(metallurgy)

   In solution hardening, the alloying element does not precipitate from solution. Precipitation hardening (also called age hardening ) is a process where a second phase that begins in solid solution with the matrix metal is precipitated out of solution with the metal as it is quenched, leaving particles of that phase distributed throughout to ...

8. Solvent vapour annealing - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solvent_vapour_annealing

   Solvent vapor annealing (SVA) is a widely used technique for controlling the morphology and ordering of block copolymer (BCP) films. [1] [2] [3] By controlling the block ratio (f = NA/N), spheres, cylinders, gyroids, and lamellae structures can be generated by forming a swollen and mobile layer of thin-film from added solvent vapor to facilitate the self-assembly of the polymer blocks. [4]

9. Hardened steel - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardened_steel

   The term hardened steel is often used for a medium or high carbon steel that has been given heat treatment and then quenching followed by tempering. The quenching results in the formation of metastable martensite, the fraction of which is reduced to the desired amount during tempering. This is the most common state for finished articles such as ...