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The mijwiz (Arabic: مجوز , DIN: miǧwiz) is a traditional Middle East musical instrument popular in Palestine, Egypt, Syria, Lebanon and Jordan. [1] [2] Its name in Arabic means "dual," because of its consisting of two, short, bamboo pipes with reed tips put together, making the mijwiz a double-pipe, single-reed woodwind instrument.
This "circular" breathing technique is commonly used with all the double-reed instruments in the Middle East. [ 17 ] Duduk "is invariably played with the accompaniment of a second dum duduk , which gives the music an energy and tonic atmosphere, changing the scale harmoniously with the principal duduk."
Mizmar is also a term used for a group of musicians, usually a duo or trio, that play a mizmar instrument along with an accompaniment of one or two double-sided bass drums, known in Arabic as tabl baladi or simply tabl. Mizmars are usually played in Egypt at either weddings or as an accompaniment to belly dancers.
Arabic musical instruments can be broadly classified into three categories: string instruments (chordophones), wind instruments , and percussion instruments. They evolved from ancient civilizations in the region.
The arghul (Arabic: أرغول or يرغول), also spelled argul, arghoul, arghool, argol, or yarghul, is a musical instrument in the reed family. It has been used since ancient Egyptian times and is still used as a traditional instrument in Egypt, Palestine, Syria and Jordan.
Gargy-tuyduk (Karghy tuiduk) is a long reed flute whose origin, according to legend, is connected with Alexander of Macedonia, and a similar instrument existed in ancient Egypt. Kargı in Turkish means reed (Arundo donax, also known as Giant reed). The sound of the gargy-tuyduk has much in common with the two-voiced kargyra.
The Arabic name būq for "(brass) wind instrument" apparently did not denote a trumpet, but in the combination būq zamrīa indicated a reed instrument made of metal. A single-reed instrument was called zamr siyāh nāy (Arabic mizmar), [79] a double-reed instrument was called surnāy or surnā, and another nāʾiha balabān.
Predecessors of the launeddas are found throughout Northern Africa and the Middle East. In 2700 BCE, the Egyptian reed pipes were originally called "memet"; [1] during the Old Kingdom of Egypt (2778–2723 BCE), memets were depicted on the reliefs of seven tombs at Saqqara, six tombs at Giza, and the pyramids of Queen Khentkaus. [2]