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In computing, the modulo operation returns the remainder or signed remainder of a division, after one number is divided by another, called the modulus of the operation. Given two positive numbers a and n, a modulo n (often abbreviated as a mod n) is the remainder of the Euclidean division of a by n, where a is the dividend and n is the divisor. [1]
Time-keeping on this clock uses arithmetic modulo 12. Adding 4 hours to 9 o'clock gives 1 o'clock, since 13 is congruent to 1 modulo 12. In mathematics, modular arithmetic is a system of arithmetic for integers, where numbers "wrap around" when reaching a certain value, called the modulus.
Modulo is a mathematical jargon that was introduced into mathematics in the book Disquisitiones Arithmeticae by Carl Friedrich Gauss in 1801. [3] Given the integers a, b and n, the expression "a ≡ b (mod n)", pronounced "a is congruent to b modulo n", means that a − b is an integer multiple of n, or equivalently, a and b both share the same remainder when divided by n.
Bulk modulus, a measure of compression resistance; Elastic modulus, a measure of stiffness; Shear modulus, a measure of elastic stiffness; Young's modulus, a specific elastic modulus; Modulo operation (a % b, mod(a, b), etc.), in both math and programming languages; results in remainder of a division; Casting modulus used in Chvorinov's rule.
Modulo 2, every integer is a quadratic residue. Modulo an odd prime number p there are (p + 1)/2 residues (including 0) and (p − 1)/2 nonresidues, by Euler's criterion.In this case, it is customary to consider 0 as a special case and work within the multiplicative group of nonzero elements of the field (/).
In mathematics, in the field of algebraic number theory, a modulus (plural moduli) (or cycle, [1] or extended ideal [2]) is a formal product of places of a global field (i.e. an algebraic number field or a global function field). It is used to encode ramification data for abelian extensions of a global field.
A modular multiplicative inverse of an integer a with respect to the modulus m is a solution of the linear congruence a x ≡ 1 ( mod m ) . {\displaystyle ax\equiv 1{\pmod {m}}.} The previous result says that a solution exists if and only if gcd( a , m ) = 1 , that is, a and m must be relatively prime (i.e. coprime).
In modular arithmetic, the integers coprime (relatively prime) to n from the set {,, …,} of n non-negative integers form a group under multiplication modulo n, called the multiplicative group of integers modulo n.