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In Scrabble, a challenge is the act of one player questioning the validity of one or more words formed by another player on the most recent turn. In double challenge (most common in North American tournaments), if one or more of the challenged words is not in the agreed-upon dictionary or word source, the challenged player loses her/his turn.
This rule offers a good variety of playable variants in the openings that aren't playable by Yamaguchi opening rule like 13D, 13I, 12D, 10D. On the other hand, this rule limits playable openings to those that don't have five winning fifth moves, so 2D, 2I and some other openings become unavailable. The Taraguchi-N opening rule solves this problem.
The single-subject rule is a rule in the constitutional law of some jurisdictions that stipulates that some or all types of legislation may deal with only one main issue. One purpose is to avoid complexity in acts , to avoid any hidden provisions that legislators or voters may miss when reading the proposed law .
1 ♠ – 2 ♣ 2 ♠ – 2NT. Forcing to game, with balanced hand and a good club suit. 1 ♠ – 2 ♣ 2 ♦ – 3 ♣ Forcing, unless the partnership has agreed that this is an exception to the "2/1 rule." 1 ♦ – 2 ♣ Forcing for one round only (as in Standard American), except in the variant of 2/1 where this sequence is game forcing as ...
The rule gets its name from the divide and choose method of ensuring fairness in when dividing a pie between two people: one person cuts the pie in half, then the other person chooses which half to eat. The person cutting the pie, knowing that the other person will choose the larger piece, will make as equal a division as possible.
In logic, a rule of replacement [1] [2] [3] is a transformation rule that may be applied to only a particular segment of an expression. A logical system may be constructed so that it uses either axioms, rules of inference, or both as transformation rules for logical expressions in the system. Whereas a rule of inference is always applied to a ...
Batson v. Kentucky, 476 U.S. 79 (1986), was a landmark decision of the United States Supreme Court ruling that a prosecutor's use of a peremptory challenge in a criminal case—the dismissal of jurors without stating a valid cause for doing so—may not be used to exclude jurors based solely on their race.
Outside of First Amendment cases, most constitutional challenges are based on as-applied challenges, the facial challenge being "the most difficult challenge to mount successfully, since the challenger must establish that no set of circumstances exists under which the Act would be valid", as stated in United States v.