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the macron (English poetry marking, lēad pronounced / l iː d /, not / l ɛ d /), lengthening vowels, as in Māori; or indicating omitted n or m (in pre-Modern English, both in print and in handwriting). the breve (English poetry marking, drŏll pronounced / d r ɒ l /, not / d r oʊ l /), shortening vowels; the umlaut , altering Germanic vowels
A single letter may even fill multiple pronunciation-marking roles simultaneously. For example, in the word ace, e marks not only the change of a from /æ/ to /eɪ/, but also of c from /k/ to /s/. In the word vague, e marks the long a sound, but u keeps the g hard rather than soft.
Other examples are the acute and grave accents, which can indicate that a vowel is to be pronounced differently than is normal in that position, for example not reduced to /ə/ or silent as in the case of the two uses of the letter e in the noun résumé (as opposed to the verb resume) and the help sometimes provided in the pronunciation of ...
Some English words have diacritics.The form preferred by most English-language sources is commonly used. Sources typically keep the diacritical marks when they make a crucial difference to pronunciation or help avoid confusion.
Chemical symbol – Abbreviations used in chemistry; Chinese punctuation – Punctuation used with Chinese characters; Currency symbol – Symbol used to represent a monetary currency's name; Diacritic – Modifier mark added to a letter (accent marks etc.) Hebrew punctuation – Punctuation conventions of the Hebrew language over time
The diaeresis is also used in French when a silent e is added to the sequence gu, to show that it is to be pronounced [ɡy] rather than as a digraph for [ɡ]. For example, when the feminine ‑e is added to aigu [eɡy] "sharp", the pronunciation does not change in most accents: [d] aiguë [eɡy] as opposed to the city name Aigues-Mortes [ɛɡ ...
Throughout Wikipedia, the pronunciation of words is indicated using the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). The following tables list the IPA symbols used for English words and pronunciations. Please note that several of these symbols are used in ways that are specific to Wikipedia, and differ from those used by dictionaries.
If there is one generally accepted pronunciation in the field, use that. However, there are often multiple pronunciations heard, along a cline from highly anglicized pronunciations, as found in Shakespeare, to attempts to remain faithful to the Latin or Greek pronunciation. For example, Io may be pronounced either / ˈ aɪ oʊ / or / ˈ iː oʊ ...