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The head-tilt/chin-lift is the most reliable method of opening the airway. Treatment of unconscious patients focuses on preventing or treating obstructions of the airway, such as head-tilt/chin-lift and jaw-thrust maneuvers, while the use of the recovery position mainly prevents aspiration of things like stomach content or blood.
The maneuver is performed by tilting the head backwards in unconscious patients, often by applying pressure to the forehead and the chin. The maneuver is used on any patient where cervical spine injury is not a concern and is taught on most first aid courses as the standard way of clearing an airway.
The jaw-thrust maneuver is a first aid and medical procedure used to prevent the tongue from obstructing the upper airways.This maneuver and the head-tilt/chin-lift maneuver are two of the main tools of basic airway management, and they are often used in conjunction with other basic airway techniques including bag-valve-mask ventilation.
At a basic level, opening of the airway is achieved through manual movement of the head using various techniques, with the most widely taught and used being the "head tilt — chin lift", although other methods such as the "modified jaw thrust" can be used, especially where spinal injury is suspected, [12] although in some countries, its use is ...
The head is in a dependent position so that fluid can drain from the patient's airway; the chin is well up to keep the epiglottis opened. Arms and legs are locked to stabilize the position of the patient. The jaw-thrust maneuver is an effective airway technique, particularly in the patient in whom cervical spine injury is a concern.
The recovery position is designed to prevent suffocation through obstruction of the airway, which can occur in unconscious supine patients. The supine patient is at risk of airway obstruction from two routes: Mechanical obstruction: In this instance, a physical object obstructs
Airway management can be classified into closed or open techniques depending on the system of ventilation used. Tracheal intubation is a typical example of a closed technique as ventilation occurs using a closed circuit. Several open techniques exist, such as spontaneous ventilation, apnoeic ventilation or jet ventilation.
Ensuring an open airway and adequate ventilation may be difficult in people with TBI. [3] Intubation, one method to secure the airway, may be used to bypass a disruption in the airway in order to send air to the lungs. [3] If necessary, a tube can be placed into the uninjured bronchus, and a single lung can be ventilated. [3]