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Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is the development of a bacterial infection in the peritoneum, despite the absence of an obvious source for the infection. [1] It is specifically an infection of the ascitic fluid – an increased volume of peritoneal fluid. [2] Ascites is most commonly a complication of cirrhosis of the liver. [1]
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a peculiar form of peritonitis occurring in the absence of an obvious source of contamination. It occurs in people with ascites , including children. Intra-peritoneal dialysis predisposes to peritoneal infection (sometimes named "primary peritonitis" in this context).
Complications can include spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. [3] In the developed world, the most common cause is liver cirrhosis. [4] Other causes include cancer, heart failure, tuberculosis, pancreatitis, and blockage of the hepatic vein. [4]
Primary peritonitis is the diffuse bacterial infection of the peritoneum while the integrity of the gastrointestinal tract is preserved (in cases of ascites); secondary peritonitis is the infection of peritoneum where the integrity of gastrointestinal tract is compromised; tertiary peritonitis is reinfection of peritoneum 48 hours after ...
Treatment is directed towards decreasing portal hypertension itself or in the management of its acute and chronic complications. [7] Complications include ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis , variceal hemorrhage, hepatic encephalopathy , hepatorenal syndrome , and cardiomyopathy .
Important clinical infections caused by Enterococcus include urinary tract infections (see Enterococcus faecalis), bacteremia, bacterial endocarditis, diverticulitis, meningitis, and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. [4] [8] [9] Sensitive strains of these bacteria can be treated with ampicillin, penicillin and vancomycin. [10]
S. bovis is commonly found in the alimentary tract of cattle, sheep, and other ruminants, [9] and may cause ruminal acidosis. [10] [11] It is also associated with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, a frequent complication occurring in patients affected by cirrhosis. [12] Equivalence with Streptococcus equinus has been contested. [4]
Causes: Malabsorption (Protein Losing Enteropathy) Diagnostic method: Level below 3.5 grams per deciliter: Treatment: Albumin infusion in hepatic resection (>40%), nephrotic syndrome (with diuretics and corticosteroids), spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (with antibiotics), and hepatorenal syndrome (with terlipressin) Frequency: 70% (elderly ...