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An adiabatic process (adiabatic from Ancient Greek ἀδιάβατος (adiábatos) 'impassable') is a type of thermodynamic process that occurs without transferring heat or mass between the thermodynamic system and its environment. Unlike an isothermal process, an adiabatic process transfers energy to the surroundings only as work.
In chemistry, adiabatic electron-transfer is a type of oxidation-reduction process. The mechanism is ubiquitous in nature in both the inorganic and biological spheres. Adiabatic electron-transfers proceed without making or breaking chemical bonds. Adiabatic electron-transfer can occur by either optical or thermal mechanisms.
Adiabatic (from Gr. ἀ negative + διάβασις passage; transference) refers to any process that occurs without heat transfer. This concept is used in many areas of physics and engineering. This concept is used in many areas of physics and engineering.
Diagram showing an air parcel path when raised along B-C-E compared to the surrounding air mass Temperature (T) and humidity (Tw); see CAPE. The level of free convection (LFC) is the altitude in the atmosphere where an air parcel lifted adiabatically until saturation becomes warmer than the environment at the same level, so that positive buoyancy can initiate self-sustained convection.
In quantum optics, stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) is a process that permits transfer of a population between two applicable quantum states via at least two coherent electromagnetic (light) pulses. [1] [2] These light pulses drive the transitions of the three level Ʌ atom or multilevel system.
Another constructive approach is based on adiabatic ideas. The most well studied method is Stimulated raman adiabatic passage STIRAP [24] which employs an auxiliary state to achieve complete state-to-state population transfer. One of the most prolific generic pulse shapes is a chirped pulse a pulse with a varying frequency in time. [25] [26]
One way is through the "non-adiabatic coupling matrix" defined by = | , where is the adiabatic electronic wave function, depending on the nuclear parameters . The nonadiabatic coupling can be used to define a loop integral, analogous to a Wilson loop (1974) in field theory, developed independently for molecular framework by M. Baer (1975, 1980 ...
Schematic of an ITC instrument. An isothermal titration calorimeter is composed of two identical cells made of a highly efficient thermally conducting and chemically inert material such as Hastelloy alloy or gold, surrounded by an adiabatic jacket.