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[38] [39] The surface states of a 3D topological insulator is a new type of two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) where the electron's spin is locked to its linear momentum. [31] Fully bulk-insulating or intrinsic 3D topological insulator states exist in Bi-based materials as demonstrated in surface transport measurements. [40]
It indicates the mathematical group for the topological invariant of the topological insulators and topological superconductors, given a dimension and discrete symmetry class. [1] The ten possible discrete symmetry families are classified according to three main symmetries: particle-hole symmetry, time-reversal symmetry and chiral symmetry.
In the two-dimensional systems such as graphene and topological insulators, the density of states gives a V shape, compared with the constant value for massive particles with dispersion = /. Experimental measurement of the density of states near the Dirac point by standard techniques such as scanning tunnelling microscopy often differ from the ...
In physics, Dirac cones are features that occur in some electronic band structures that describe unusual electron transport properties of materials like graphene and topological insulators. [1] [2] [3] In these materials, at energies near the Fermi level, the valence band and conduction band take the shape of the upper and lower halves of a ...
Topological insulator: a material whose interior behaves as an electrical insulator while its surface behaves as an electrical conductor. Fractional Chern insulator: A generalization of fractional quantum Hall state to electrons on a lattice. Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless state: A 2D state with unbound vortex-antivortex pairs.
Bismuth telluride (Bi 2 Te 3) is a gray powder that is a compound of bismuth and tellurium also known as bismuth(III) telluride. It is a semiconductor, which, when alloyed with antimony or selenium, is an efficient thermoelectric material for refrigeration or portable power generation.
A two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) is a scientific model in solid-state physics. It is an electron gas that is free to move in two dimensions, but tightly confined in the third. This tight confinement leads to quantized energy levels for motion in the third direction, which can then be ignored for most problems.
[32] [33] [34] This theory has been used to describe the boundaries of topological insulators [35] and to construct nontrivial quantum cellular automata. [36] Wang has also made contributions to the theory of three dimensional fracton phases [37] [38]