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Islam was strongly influenced by Judaism in its fundamental religious outlook, structure, jurisprudence, and practice. [1] Because of this similarity, as well as through the influence of Islamic culture and philosophy on the Jewish populations in the Muslim world , there has been considerable and continued physical, theological, and political ...
Islam understands its form of "Abrahamic monotheism" as preceding both Judaism and Christianity, and in contrast with Arabian Henotheism. [49] The teachings of the Quran are believed by Muslims to be the direct and final revelation and words of God. Islam, like Christianity, is a universal religion (i.e. membership is
Judaism is the second-oldest religion which still exists in Iran after Zoroastrianism. By various estimates, between 8,000 and 10,000 Jews remain in Iran , mostly in Tehran and Hamedan . About one-third of the some 120,000-150,000 Iranian Jews in the mid-20th century fled the country during the 1950s, as a consequence of political instability.
The Islamic prophet Muhammad's views on Jews were formed through the contact he had with Jewish tribes living in and around Medina.His views on Jews include his theological teaching of them as People of the Book (Ahl al-Kitab), his description of them as earlier receivers of Abrahamic revelation; and the failed political alliances between the Muslim and Jewish communities.
For approximately a millennium, the Abrahamic religions have been predominant throughout all of the Middle East. [1] [2] [3] The Abrahamic tradition itself and the three best-known Abrahamic religions originate from the Middle East: Judaism and Christianity emerged in the Levant in the 6th century BCE and the 1st century CE, respectively, while Islam emerged in Arabia in the 7th century CE.
In the early period of Islam, Jews were regarded as "believers" (Muʼminūn) and considered a part of the Ummah. Anti-Jewish narratives, such as the story about the massacre of the Jewish tribe by Muslims at Banu Qurayza, appeared in traditional Islamic sources after Islam split from Judaism, long after Muhammad's death (632 CE). [44]
Most historians agree that Jesus or his followers established a new Jewish sect, one that attracted both Jewish and gentile converts. According to New Testament scholar Bart D. Ehrman, a number of early Christianities existed in the first century CE, from which developed various Christian traditions and denominations, including proto-orthodoxy. [13]
Helena of Adiabene, a vassal of the Parthian empire in Mesopotamia, converts to Judaism. Significant numbers of Adiabene population follow her, later also providing limited support for Jews during Jewish-Roman wars. In the following centuries the community mostly converts to Christianity. 30-70: Schism within Judaism during the Second Temple ...