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An ion trap, used for precision measurements of radium ions, inside a vacuum chamber. View ports surrounding the chamber allow laser light to be directed into the trap. An ion trap is a combination of electric and/or magnetic fields used to capture charged particles — known as ions — often in a system isolated from an external environment.
A TOF mass spectrometer can also have a low-duty cycle when coupled with a continuous ion source. Combining an ion trap with a TOF mass analyzer can improve the duty cycle. Both 3D and linear traps have been combined with TOF mass analyzers. A trap can also add MSn capabilities to the system. [1]
The first TOF mass spectrometer (basically, a flight tube which ends up with the timed ion selector) isolates precursor ions of choice using a velocity filter, typically, of a Bradbury–Nielsen type, and the second TOF-MS (that includes the post accelerator, flight tube, ion mirror, and the ion detector) analyzes the fragment ions.
These include a radio-frequency quadrupole trap, a multi-reflection time-of-flight (MR-ToF) mass spectrometer, and two Penning traps. [4] The RFQ trap is used convert the radioactive ion beam delivered by the ISOLDE facility into low-energy ion pulses, before it is injected into the MR-ToF mass spectrometer. [5]
In experimental physics, a quadrupole ion trap or paul trap is a type of ion trap that uses dynamic electric fields to trap charged particles. They are also called radio frequency (RF) traps or Paul traps in honor of Wolfgang Paul , who invented the device [ 1 ] [ 2 ] and shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1989 for this work. [ 3 ]
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The TOF measurement procedure is also ideally suited to the MALDI ionization process since the pulsed laser takes individual 'shots' rather than working in continuous operation. MALDI-TOF instruments are often equipped with a reflectron (an "ion mirror") that reflects ions using an electric field. This increases the ion flight path, thereby ...
For the record: 7:04 a.m. Oct. 28, 2024: An earlier version of this article said a lithium-ion battery fire occurred on Interstate 15 near Bakersfield.It was near Baker. For more than two days, a ...