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The decrease in the coordination of uterine smooth muscles cells reduces the effectiveness of contractions, causing the uterus to enter a state of uterine quiescence. [8] During the beginning of labour, contractions may initially be intermittent and irregular, [ 7 ] but will transition into a more coordinated pattern as the labour progresses. [ 7 ]
Montevideo units are calculated by obtaining the peak uterine pressure amplitude and subtracting the resting tone. Then adding up those numbers generated by each contraction within a 10-minute window. For example, five contractions occurred, producing peak pressures of 55, 50, 45, 65, and 50 mm Hg, respectively.
Estrogens stimulate endometrial proliferation and carcinogenesis. [24] [25] [26] Conversely, progestogens inhibit endometrial proliferation and carcinogenesis caused by estrogens and stimulate differentiation of the endometrium into decidua, which is termed endometrial transformation or decidualization.
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As the fetal hypothalamus matures, the activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis initiates labor through two hormonal mechanisms. The end pathway of both mechanisms lead to contractions in the myometrium, a mechanical cause of placental separation, which is due to the sheer force and contractile and involutive changes that occur within the uterus, distorting the placentome.
The area of action differs for each effect, contraction occurs in the upper uterine segment while relaxation occurs in the lower uterine segment. [14] Not as efficacious for inducing labor when compared to other prostaglandins. [16] Dinoprost: also known as PGF 2α, is a naturally occurring prostaglandin which causes contraction via PG F ...
The Ferguson reflex (also called the fetal ejection reflex) is the neuroendocrine reflex comprising the self-sustaining cycle of uterine contractions initiated by pressure at the cervix, more precisely, the internal end of cervix, or vaginal walls. It is an example of positive feedback in biology. The Ferguson reflex occurs in mammals.
Labor is characterized by uterine contractions which push the fetus through the birth canal and results in delivery. [14] Labor is divided into three stages. First stage of labor starts with the onset of contractions and finishes when the cervix is fully dilated at 10 cm. [15] This stage can further be divided into latent and active labor. The ...