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Seismic intensity scales categorize the intensity or severity of ground shaking (quaking) at a given location, such as resulting from an earthquake. They are distinguished from seismic magnitude scales , which measure the magnitude or overall strength of an earthquake, which may, or perhaps may not, cause perceptible shaking.
These factors can be estimated for an existing fault to determine the magnitude of past earthquakes, or what might be anticipated for the future. [49] An earthquake's seismic moment can be estimated in various ways, which are the bases of the M wb, M wr, M wc, M ww, M wp, M i, and M wpd scales, all subtypes of the generic M w scale.
human lives are protected; damage is limited; structures important for civil protection remain operational. The random nature of the seismic events and the limited resources available to counter their effects are such as to make the attainment of these goals only partially possible and only measurable in probabilistic terms.
Seismic analysis is a subset of structural analysis and is the calculation of the response of a building (or nonbuilding) structure to earthquakes. It is part of the process of structural design , earthquake engineering or structural assessment and retrofit (see structural engineering ) in regions where earthquakes are prevalent.
The geometry of a zero-offset vertical seismic profile (VSP) makes it an ideal survey to use for the calculation of Q using the spectral ratio method. This is because of the coincident raypaths that traverse a given rock layer, ensuring that the only path difference between two reflected waves (one from the top of the interval and one from the ...
Mathematical Q models provide a model of the earth's response to seismic waves.In reflection seismology, the anelastic attenuation factor, often expressed as seismic quality factor or Q, which is inversely proportional to attenuation factor, quantifies the effects of anelastic attenuation on the seismic wavelet caused by fluid movement and grain boundary friction.
Seismic performance assessment or seismic structural analysis is a powerful tool of earthquake engineering which utilizes detailed modelling of the structure together with methods of structural analysis to gain a better understanding of seismic performance of building and non-building structures. The technique as a formal concept is a ...