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salamu alaykum written in the Thuluth style of Arabic calligraphy. As-salamu alaykum (Arabic: ٱلسَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ, romanized: as-salāmu ʿalaykum, pronounced [as.sa.laː.mu ʕa.laj.kum] ⓘ), also written salamun alaykum and typically rendered in English as salam alaykum, is a greeting in Arabic that means 'Peace be upon you'.
The use of the greeting differs when interacting with non-Muslims such as people of the book (ahlul kitab). Some scholars are divided on the issue. Most believe that when greeted by non-Muslims, Muslims can only respond by stating "wa ʿalaykum" ("and upon you") instead of the longer version, while others suggest replying with a salam.
The appropriate response is "Aleichem Shalom" (עֲלֵיכֶם שָׁלוֹם) or "Upon you be peace." (cognate with the Arabic-language "assalamu alaikum" meaning "The peace [of ] be upon you.)" L'hitraot: לְהִתְרָאוֹת Goodbye, lit. "to meet" [lehitʁaˈʔot] Hebrew
The plural greeting and response became common among Ashkenazi Jews in the second half of the next millennium, as the use of plural forms to denote respect was imported from French and German. [6] In most communities, one says Shalom aleichem to three people who respond Aleichem shalom as part of the Kiddush levana ritual. [6]
The appropriate response to such a greeting is "upon you be well-being" ( עֲלֵיכֶם שָׁלוֹם, aleichem shalom). This is a cognate of the Arabic assalamu alaikum. On the eve of Shabbat, Jews have a custom of singing a song which is called Shalom Alecheim, before the Kiddush over wine of the Shabbat dinner is recited.
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