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An industrial control system (ICS) is an electronic control system and associated instrumentation used for industrial process control.Control systems can range in size from a few modular panel-mounted controllers to large interconnected and interactive distributed control systems (DCSs) with many thousands of field connections.
Autonomous automation – autonomous software agents to adapt the controllers of computer controlled industrial machinery and processes; Banking automation; Broadcast automation; Building automation – advanced functionality provided by the control system of a building. A building automation system (BAS) is an example of a distributed control ...
Actuator Sensor Interface (AS-Interface or ASi) is an industrial networking solution (Physical Layer, Data access Method and Protocol) used in PLC, DCS and PC-based automation systems. It is designed for connecting simple field I/O devices (e.g. binary ON/OFF devices such as actuators, sensors, rotary encoders, analog inputs and outputs, push ...
The International Society of Automation (ISA) started formalizing SCADA security requirements in 2007 with a working group, WG4. WG4 "deals specifically with unique technical requirements, measurements, and other features required to evaluate and assure security resilience and performance of industrial automation and control systems devices". [30]
The hard-wired nature of these components made it difficult for design engineers to alter the automation process. Changes would require rewiring and careful updating of the documentation. Troubleshooting was a tedious process. [4] When general-purpose computers became available, they were soon applied to control logic in industrial processes.
The first industrial control computer system was built 1959 at the Texaco Port Arthur, Texas, refinery with an RW-300 of the Ramo-Wooldridge Company. [ 4 ] In 1975, both Yamatake-Honeywell [ 5 ] and Japanese electrical engineering firm Yokogawa introduced their own independently produced DCS's - TDC 2000 and CENTUM systems, respectively.
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