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An inversion is a chromosome rearrangement in which a segment of a chromosome becomes inverted within its original position. An inversion occurs when a chromosome undergoes a two breaks within the chromosomal arm, and the segment between the two breaks inserts itself in the opposite direction in the same chromosome arm.
Inversion was first noted in 1822 by the French zoologist Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, when he dissected a crayfish (an arthropod) and compared it with the vertebrate body plan. The idea was heavily criticised, but periodically resurfaced, and is now supported by some molecular embryologists.
Signatures and patterns of SVs for deletion (A), novel sequence insertion (B), inversion (C), and tandem duplication (D) in read count (RC), read-pair (RP), split-read (SR), and de novo assembly (AS) methods. [29] New methods have been developed to analyze human genetic structural variation at high resolutions.
In genetics, a chromosomal rearrangement is a mutation that is a type of chromosome abnormality involving a change in the structure of the native chromosome. [1] Such changes may involve several different classes of events, like deletions, duplications, inversions, and translocations.
In genetics, a fusion gene is a hybrid gene formed from two previously independent genes. It can occur as a result of translocation, interstitial deletion, or chromosomal inversion. Fusion genes have been found to be prevalent in all main types of human neoplasia. [1]
The classical example is the Drosophila w m4 (speak white-mottled-4) translocation.In this mutation, an inversion on the X chromosome placed the white gene next to pericentric heterochromatin, or a sequence of repeats that becomes heterochromatic. [3]
Gene conversion is the process by which one DNA sequence replaces a homologous sequence such that the sequences become identical after the conversion. [1] Gene conversion can be either allelic, meaning that one allele of the same gene replaces another allele, or ectopic, meaning that one paralogous DNA sequence converts another.
Inversion events are useful for inactivating a gene or DNA sequence without actually removing it, and thereby maintaining a consistent amount of genetic material. The inverted genes are not often associated with abnormal phenotypes, meaning the inverted genes are generally viable. [11]